Medical Research Council Senior Scientist and Honorary Professor of Medical Statistics

I joined the MRC Environmental Epidemiology Unit straight from university in 1980. The Unit studied environmental causes of disease and my first research was in this area. I searched for any risks of cancer associated with occupational exposure to formaldehyde, and reviewed cancer mortality rates in England and Wales. I tried to disentangle the joint effects on time trends in cancer attributable to age, year of death and year of birth. Much of my research has been in studying risks determined early in life - those indexed by year of birth.

The Unit also produced maps of the geographical distribution of mortality rates in England and Wales. David Barker and I explored patterns in these maps. We linked rates of CHD, stroke and chronic bronchitis to rates of infant death in the same generation sixty years earlier. The strength of association suggested looking at the early life experience of individuals currently at risk of these adult diseases, addressing the biases inherent in geographical studies.

We used health visitor records from Hertfordshire and the NHS Central Register to show that rates of death from CHD, stroke and chronic bronchitis were higher in those who had been light at birth and at age one year. To investigate mechanisms and biases we studied ‘risk factors’ in survivors. Controlling for socio-economic factors there remained an association between their early weight and their levels of these risk factors.

We focussed on testing these associations and possible mechanisms in other settings: women in Hertfordshire; subjects in Preston and Sheffield with birth records; twins born in Birmingham; India; Jamaica; China.

My work involves studying the extent to which health and disease in adult life are associated with growth trajectories early in life. This is done through the following international collaborations.

We study the consequence on adult health of in utero exposure to the Dutch famine of 1944/45. A previously well-nourished population experienced a severe period of nutritional deprivation, resulting in much starvation. We group today’s adults of that generation according to their trimester of intra-uterine exposure to famine and search for critical periods of development for adult conditions.

We study 20,000 men and women born during 1924-44. The Finnish population have had a unique identification number since 1970 and we have used this to link their birth, infant welfare clinic and school records to current registers of death, hospital admission, cancer, reimbursed medication and also to the five-yearly census record. 2500 of the men and women have visited our clinics. We relate the trajectory of growth through birth, infancy, childhood and adult life to the risk of disease, controlling for socio-economic factors such as education, income and occupation. We use the cohort to study inter-generational risk transmission, the process of ageing and genetic factors.

We study 1500 men and women born in the city around 1970, regularly measured from birth through childhood and adolescence, who have visited research clinics as adults.

We study 700 mothers, born around 1993-5, who had ultrasound scans at six time-points in pregnancy and whose offspring visit the clinic for follow-up measurements every six months.

I am statistical advisor to the Nordic Network of DOHAD studies.

I am statistical advisor to the “Cohorts” network of five longitudinal birth cohort studies in developing countries – Brazil, Guatemala, India, Philippines and South Africa.

I am statistical advisor to the Thailand Research Association for Child and Family Development.

I advise a study testing the French health record, a booklet retained by each citizen that includes measurements of height and weight at fixed points through childhood, to characterise growth trajectory and relate this to risk of disease.

Meta-analysis of whether maternal micronutrient supplementation in developing countries is associated with an increase in baby’s birthweight and an improvement in infant survival.

I collaborate with researchers from the DOHAD division and advise other MRC statisticians.

I am an honorary professor of biostatistics at the University of Southampton, visiting professor at the University of the West Indies and adjunct professor at Florida State University.

co@mrc.soton.ac.uk

[Publications]

Related Publications: 2013  Alastalo H;Raikkonen K;Pesonen AK;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Heinonen K;Kajantie E;Eriksson JG. Early life stress and blood pressure levels in late adulthood. J Hum Hypertens 2013; 27:90-94.  Eriksson JG;Kajantie E;Lampl M;Osmond C;Barker DJ. Markers of biological fitness as predictors of all-cause mortality. Ann Med 2013; 45:156-161.  Parasuraman R;Osmond C;Howe DT. Gestation-specific reference intervals for fetal cardiac Doppler indices from 12 to 40 weeks. Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2013; :-.  Raikkonen K;Kajantie E;Pesonen AK;Heinonen K;Alastalo H;Leskinen JT et al. Early life origins cognitive decline: findings in elderly men in the helsinki birth cohort study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54707-. 2012  Alastalo H;Raikkonen K;Pesonen AK;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Heinonen K;Kajantie E;Eriksson JG. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in Finnish men and women separated temporarily from their parents in childhood--a life course study. Psychosom Med 2012; 74:583-587.  Alexander P;Mushtaq F;Osmond C;Amoaku W. Microperimetric changes in neovascular age-related macular degeneration treated with ranibizumab. Eye (Lond) 2012; 26:678-683.  Alwasel SH;Abotalib Z;Aljarallah JS;Osmond C;Al Omar SY;Harrath A;Thornburg K;Barker DJ. The breadth of the placental surface but not the length is associated with body size at birth. Placenta 2012; 33:619-622.  Anuntaseree W;Sangsupawanich P;Osmond C;Mo-Suwan L;Vasiknanonte P;Choprapawon C. Sleep quality in infants with atopic dermatitis: a community-based, birth cohort study. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 2012; 30:26-31.  Barker DJ;Osmond C;Thornburg KL;Kajantie E;Eriksson JG. A possible link between the pubertal growth of girls and prostate cancer in their sons. Am J Hum Biol 2012; 24:406-410.  Barker DJ;Larsen G;Osmond C;Thornburg KL;Kajantie E;Eriksson JG. The placental origins of sudden cardiac death. Int J Epidemiol 2012; 41:1394-1399.  Eriksson JG;Gelow J;Thornburg KL;Osmond C;Laakso M;Uusitupa M;Lindi V;Kajantie E;Barker DJ. Long-term effects of placental growth on overweight and body composition. Int J Pediatr 2012; 2012:324185-.  Forrester TE;Badaloo AV;Boyne MS;Osmond C;Thompson D;Green C;Taylor-Bryan C;Barnett A;Soares-Wynter S;Hanson MA;Beedle AS;Gluckman PD. Prenatal factors contribute to the emergence of kwashiorkor or marasmus in severe undernutrition: evidence for the predictive adaptation model. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35907-.  Holroyd CR;Harvey NC;Crozier SR;Winder NR;Mahon PA;Ntani G;Godfrey KM;Inskip HM;Cooper C;including Robinson SM;including Dennison EM;including Osmond C;including Fall C. Placental size at 19 weeks predicts offspring bone mass at birth: Findings from the Southampton Women's Survey. Placenta 2012; 33:623-629.  Kajantie E;Raikkonen K;Henriksson M;Leskinen JT;Forsen T;Heinonen K;Pesonen AK;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Eriksson JG. Stroke is predicted by low visuospatial in relation to other intellectual abilities and coronary heart disease by low general intelligence. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46841-.  Kehoe SH;Krishnaveni GV;Veena SR;Hill JC;Osmond C;Kiran;Coakley P;Karat SC;Fall CHD. Birth size and physical activity in a cohort of Indian children aged 6-10 years. Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 2012; 3(04):245-252.  Khandhadia S;Foster S;Cree A;Griffiths H;Osmond C;Goverdhan S;Lotery A. Chlamydia infection status, genotype, and age-related macular degeneration. Mol Vis 2012; 18:29-37.  Kuzawa CW;Hallal PC;Adair L;Bhargava SK;Fall CH;Lee N;Norris SA;Osmond C;Ramirez-Zea M;Sachdev HS;Stein AD;Victora CG. Birth weight, postnatal weight gain, and adult body composition in five low and middle income countries. Am J Hum Biol 2012; 24:5-13.  Lahti M;Pesonen AK;Raikkonen K;Heinonen K;Wahlbeck K;Kajantie E;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Eriksson JG. Temporary separation from parents in early childhood and serious personality disorders in adult life. J Pers Disord 2012; 26:751-762.  Menezes AM;Hallal PC;Dumith SC;Matijasevich AM;Araujo CL;Yudkin J;Osmond C;Barros FC;Victora CG. Adolescent blood pressure, body mass index and skin folds: sorting out the effects of early weight and length gains. J Epidemiol Community Health 2012; 66:149-154.  Norris SA;Osmond C;Gigante D;Kuzawa CW;Ramakrishnan L;Lee NR;Ramirez-Zea M;Richter LM;Stein AD;Tandon N;Fall CH. Size at Birth, Weight Gain in Infancy and Childhood, and Adult Diabetes Risk in Five Low- or Middle-Income Country Birth Cohorts. Diabetes Care 2012; 35:72-79.  Parasuraman R;Osmond C;Howe DT. Gestation-specific reference intervals for right and left ventricular ejection force from 12 to 40 weeks of gestation. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2012; 38:160-164.  Perala MM;Mannisto S;Kaartinen NE;Kajantie E;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Valsta LM;Eriksson JG. Body size at birth is associated with food and nutrient intake in adulthood. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46139-.  Rennie CA;Stinge A;King EA;Sothirachagan S;Osmond C;Lotery AJ. Can genetic risk information for age-related macular degeneration influence motivation to stop smoking? A pilot study. Eye (Lond) 2012; 26:109-118.  Sandboge S;Moltchanova E;Blomstedt PA;Salonen MK;Kajantie E;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Eriksson JG. Birth-weight and resting metabolic rate in adulthood - sex-specific differences. Ann Med 2012; 44:296-303.  Tandon N;Fall CH;Osmond C;Sachdev HP;Prabhakaran D;Ramakrishnan L et al. Growth from birth to adulthood and peak bone mass and density data from the New Delhi Birth Cohort. Osteoporos Int 2012; 23:2447-2459.  Tuovinen S;Raikkonen K;Pesonen AK;Lahti M;Heinonen K;Wahlbeck K;Kajantie E;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Eriksson JG. Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and risk of severe mental disorders in the offspring in adulthood: The Helsinki Birth Cohort Study. J Psychiatr Res 2012; 46:303-310.  Tuovinen S;Raikkonen K;Kajantie E;Leskinen JT;Henriksson M;Pesonen AK;Heinonen K;Osmond C;Barker D;Eriksson JG. Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and intellectual abilities in the offspring in young adulthood: the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study. Ann Med 2012; 44:394-403.  Tuovinen S;Raikkonen K;Kajantie E;Henriksson M;Leskinen JT;Pesonen AK et al. Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and cognitive decline in the offspring up to old age. Neurology 2012; 79:1578-1582.  Veenendaal MV;de Rooij SR;Painter RC;Robinson SM;Osmond C;Aihie Sayer A;Roseboom TJ. Grip strength at age 58 after prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine. Journal of Aging Research and Clinical Practice 2012; 1:29-32. 2011  Alwasel SH;Abotalib Z;Aljarallah JS;Osmond C;Alkharaz SM;Alhazza IM;Harrath A;Thornburg K;Barker DJ. Sex Differences in birth size and intergenerational effects of intrauterine exposure to Ramadan in Saudi Arabia. Am J Hum Biol 2011; 23:651-654.  Alwasel SH;Abotalib Z;Aljarallah JS;Osmond C;Alkharaz SM;Alhazza IM;Harrath A;Thornburg K;Barker DJ. Secular increase in placental weight in Saudi Arabia. Placenta 2011; 32:391-394.  Barker DJ;Osmond C;Thornburg KL;Kajantie E;Eriksson JG. The lifespan of men and the shape of their placental surface at birth. Placenta 2011; 32:783-787.  Barker JP;Kajantie E;Osmond C;Thornburg KL;Eriksson JG. How boys grow determines how long they live. Am J Hum Biol 2011; 23:412-416.  Breen AC;Carr E;Langworthy JE;Osmond C;Worswick L. Back pain outcomes in primary care following a practice improvement intervention:- a prospective cohort study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2011; 12:28-.  Eriksson JG;Kajantie E;Thornburg KL;Osmond C;Barker DJ;EP. Mother's body size and placental size predict coronary heart disease in men. Eur Heart J 2011; 32:2297-2303.  Fall CH;Borja JB;Osmond C;Richter L;Bhargava SK;Martorell R;Stein AD;Barros FC;Victora CG. Infant-feeding patterns and cardiovascular risk factors in young adulthood: data from five cohorts in low- and middle-income countries. Int J Epidemiol 2011; 40:47-62.  Goverdhan S;Fogarty AW;Osmond C;Lockwood A;Anderson L;Kirwan JF. Shorter axial length and increased astigmatic refractive error are associated with socio-economic deprivation in an adult UK cohort. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2011; 18:44-47.  Huffman MD;Prabhakaran D;Osmond C;Fall CH;Tandon N;Lakshmy R et al. Incidence of cardiovascular risk factors in an Indian urban cohort results from the new delhi birth cohort (editorial). J Am Coll Cardiol 2011; 57:1765-1774.  Javaid MK;Eriksson JG;Kajantie E;Forsen T;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Cooper C. Growth in childhood predicts hip fracture risk in later life. Osteoporos Int 2011; 22:69-73.  Jones A;Osmond C;Godfrey KM;Phillips DI. Evidence for developmental programming of cerebral laterality in humans. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17071-.  Lahti M;Raikkonen K;Wahlbeck K;Heinonen K;Forsen T;Kajantie E;Pesonen AK;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Eriksson JG. Growth in infancy and childhood and hospitalization for personality disorders in adulthood: the helsinki birth cohort study. J Pers Disord 2011; 25:620-633.  Lakshmy R;Fall CH;Sachdev HS;Osmond C;Prabhakaran D;Biswas SD;Tandon N;Ramji S;Reddy KS;Barker DJ;Bhargava SK. Childhood body mass index and adult pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic risk factors: data from the New Delhi birth cohort. Int J Epidemiol 2011; 40:102-111.  Lawrence-Wright MB;Boyne MS;Osmond C;Fraser RA;Soares-Wynter S;Thame M;Reid M;Taylor-Bryan C;Forrester TE. The effect of feto-maternal size and childhood growth on left ventricular mass and arterial stiffness in Afro-Caribbean children. J Hum Hypertens 2011; 25:457-464.  Parasuraman R;Osmond C;Howe DT. Comparison of the reproducibility of 2D doppler and 3D STIC in the measurement of fetal cardiac output. Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2011; 1:163-167.  Perala MM;Moltchanova E;Kaartinen NE;Mannisto S;Kajantie E;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Valsta LM;Eriksson JG. The association between salt intake and adult systolic blood pressure is modified by birth weight. Am J Clin Nutr 2011; 93:422-426.  Pesonen AK;Raikkonen K;Kajantie E;Heinonen K;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Forsen T;Eriksson JG. Inter-generational social mobility following early life stress. Ann Med 2011; 43:320-328.  Pesonen AK;Raikkonen K;Kajantie E;Heinonen K;Henriksson M;Leskinen JT;Osmond C;Forsen T;Barker DJP;Eriksson JG. Intellectual ability in young men separated temporarily from their parents in childhood. Intelligence 2011; 39:335-341.  Raikkonen K;Lahti M;Heinonen K;Pesonen AK;Wahlbeck K;Kajantie E;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Eriksson JG. Risk of severe mental disorders in adults separated temporarily from their parents in childhood: The Helsinki birth cohort study. J Psychiatr Res 2011; 45:332-338.  Roseboom TJ;Painter RC;de R;van Abeelen AF;Veenendaal MV;Osmond C;Barker DJ. Effects of famine on placental size and efficiency. Placenta 2011; 32:395-399.  Salonen MK;Kajantie E;Osmond C;Forsen T;Yliharsila H;Paile-Hyvarinen M;Barker DJ;Eriksson JG. Prenatal and childhood growth and leisure time physical activity in adult life. Eur J Public Health 2011; 21:719-724.  Salonen MK;Kajantie E;Osmond C;Forsen T;Yliharsila H;Paile-Hyvarinen M;Barker DJ;Eriksson JG. Developmental origins of physical fitness: the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22302-.  Strawbridge RJ;Dupuis J;Prokopenko I;Barker A;Ahlqvist E;Rybin D et al. Genome-Wide Association Identifies Nine Common Variants Associated With Fasting Proinsulin Levels and Provides New Insights Into the Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes 2011; 60:2624-2634.  van Abeelen AF;de Rooij SR;Osmond C;Painter RC;Veenendaal MV;Bossuyt PM;Elias SG;Grobbee DE;van der Schouw YT;Barker DJ;Roseboom TJ. The sex-specific effects of famine on the association between placental size and later hypertension. Placenta 2011; 32:694-698.  von Bonsdorff MB;Rantanen T;Sipila S;Salonen MK;Kajantie E;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Eriksson JG. Birth size and childhood growth as determinants of physical functioning in older age: the helsinki birth cohort study. Am J Epidemiol 2011; 174:1336-1344. 2010  Alwasel SH;Abotalib Z;Aljarallah JS;Osmond C;Alkharaz SM;Alhazza IM;Badr G;Barker DJ. Changes in placental size during Ramadan. Placenta 2010; 31:607-610.  Andersen LG;Angquist L;Eriksson JG;Forsen T;Gamborg M;Osmond C;Baker JL;Sorensen TI. Birth weight, childhood body mass index and risk of coronary heart disease in adults: combined historical cohort studies. PLoS One 2010; 5:e14126-.  Barker DJ;Thornburg KL;Osmond C;Kajantie E;Eriksson JG. The surface area of the placenta and hypertension in the offspring in later life. Int J Dev Biol 2010; 54:525-530.  Barker DJ;Thornburg KL;Osmond C;Kajantie E;Eriksson JG. The prenatal origins of lung cancer. II. The placenta. Am J Hum Biol 2010; 22:512-516.  Barker DJ;Gelow J;Thornburg K;Osmond C;Kajantie E;Eriksson JG. The early origins of chronic heart failure: impaired placental growth and initiation of insulin resistance in childhood. Eur J Heart Fail 2010; 12:819-825.  Barker DJP;Thornburg KL;Osmond C;Kajantie E;Eriksson JG. Beyond birthweight: the maternal and placental origins of chronic disease. Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 2010; 1(6):360-364.  Boyne MS;Thame M;Osmond C;Fraser RA;Gabay L;Reid M;Forrester TE. Growth, body composition, and the onset of puberty: longitudinal observations in Afro-Caribbean children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95:3194-3200.  Boyne MS;Osmond C;Fraser RA;Reid M;Taylor-Bryan C;Soares-Wynter S;Forrester TE. Developmental origins of cardiovascular risk in Jamaican children: The Vulnerable Windows Cohort Study. Br J Nutr 2010; 104:1026-1033.  Campbell CP;Barnett AT;Boyne MS;Soares-Wynter S;Osmond C;Fraser RA;Badaloo AV;Taylor-Bryan C;Forrester TE. Predictors of physical activity energy expenditure in Afro-Caribbean children. Eur J Clin Nutr 2010; 64:1093-1100.  Eriksson JG;Kajantie E;Osmond C;Thornburg K;Barker DJ. Boys live dangerously in the womb. Am J Hum Biol 2010; 22:330-335.  Eriksson JG;Thornburg KL;Osmond C;Kajantie E;Barker DJ. The prenatal origins of lung cancer. I. The fetus. Am J Hum Biol 2010; 22:508-511.  Kajantie E;Thornburg KL;Eriksson JG;Osmond C;Barker DJ. In preeclampsia, the placenta grows slowly along its minor axis. Int J Dev Biol 2010; 54:469-473.  Kajantie E;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Eriksson JG. Preterm birth--a risk factor for type 2 diabetes? The Helsinki birth cohort study. Diabetes Care 2010; 33:2623-2625.  Kajantie E;Raikkonen K;Henriksson M;Forsen T;Heinonen K;Pesonen AK;Leskinen JT;Laaksonen I;Paile-Hyvarinen M;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Eriksson JG. Childhood socioeconomic status modifies the association between intellectual abilities at age 20 and mortality in later life. J Epidemiol Community Health 2010; 64:963-969.  Lahti J;Raikkonen K;Pesonen AK;Heinonen K;Kajantie E;Forsen T;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Eriksson JG. Prenatal growth, postnatal growth and trait anxiety in late adulthood - the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2010; 121:227-235.  Lahti M;Raikkonen K;Wahlbeck K;Heinonen K;Forsen T;Kajantie E;Pesonen AK;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Eriksson JG. Prenatal origins of hospitalization for personality disorders: The Helsinki Birth Cohort Study. Psychiatry Res 2010; 179:226-230.  Pesonen AK;Raikkonen K;Feldt K;Heinonen K;Osmond C;Phillips DI;Barker DJ;Eriksson JG;Kajantie E. Childhood separation experience predicts HPA axis hormonal responses in late adulthood: a natural experiment of World War II. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2010; 35:758-767.  Reynolds RM;Osmond C;Phillips DI;Godfrey KM. Maternal BMI, parity, and pregnancy weight gain: influences on offspring adiposity in young adulthood. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95:5365-5369.  Stein AD;Wang M;Martorell R;Norris SA;Adair LS;Bas I;Sachdev HS;Bhargava SK;Fall CH;Gigante DP;Victora CG;including Osmond C. Growth patterns in early childhood and final attained stature: data from five birth cohorts from low- and middle-income countries. Am J Hum Biol 2010; 22:353-359.  Thame MM;Jackson MD;Manswell IP;Osmond C;Antoine MG. Weight retention within the puerperium in adolescents: a risk factor for obesity?. Public Health Nutr 2010; 13:283-288.  Tuovinen S;Raikkonen K;Kajantie E;Pesonen AK;Heinonen K;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Eriksson JG. Depressive symptoms in adulthood and intrauterine exposure to pre-eclampsia: the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study. BJOG: an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology 2010; 117:1236-1242.  Watkins AJ;Lucas ES;Torrens C;Cleal JK;Green L;Osmond C;Eckert JJ;Gray WP;Hanson MA;Fleming TP. Maternal low-protein diet during mouse pre-implantation development induces vascular dysfunction and altered renin-angiotensin-system homeostasis in the offspring. Br J Nutr 2010; 103:1762-1770.  Widen E;Ripatti S;Cousminer DL;Surakka I;Lappalainen T;Jarvelin MR et al. Distinct variants at LIN28B influence growth in height from birth to adulthood. Am J Hum Genet 2010; 86:773-782. 2009  Alastalo H;Raikkonen K;Pesonen AK;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Kajantie E;Heinonen K;Forsen TJ;Eriksson JG. Cardiovascular health of Finnish war evacuees 60 years later. Ann Med 2009; 41:66-72.   Allen LH;Peerson JM;including Osmond C;including Fall C. Impact of multiple micronutrient versus iron-folic acid supplements on maternal anemia and micronutrient status in pregnancy. Food Nutr Bull 2009; 30:S527-S532.  Barker DJ;Osmond C;Kajantie E;Eriksson JG. Growth and chronic disease: findings in the Helsinki Birth Cohort. Ann Hum Biol 2009; 36:445-458.  Boyne MS;Woollard A;Phillips DI;Taylor-Bryan C;Bennett FI;Osmond C;Thomas TY;Wilks RJ;Forrester TE. The association of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity and blood pressure in an Afro-Caribbean population. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2009; 34:736-742.  Fall CHD;Fisher DJ;Osmond C;Margetts BM. Multiple micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy in low-income countries: A meta-analysis of effects on birth size and length of gestation.. Food and Nutrition Bulletin 2009; 30(4):S533-S546-.  Farrant HJ;Krishnaveni GV;Hill JC;Boucher BJ;Fisher DJ;Noonan K;Osmond C;Veena SR;Fall CH. Vitamin D insufficiency is common in Indian mothers but is not associated with gestational diabetes or variation in newborn size. Eur J Clin Nutr 2009; 63:646-652.  Horta BL;Gigante DP;Osmond C;Barros FC;Victora CG. Intergenerational effect of weight gain in childhood on offspring birthweight. Int J Epidemiol 2009; 38:724-732.  Kajantie E;Eriksson JG;Osmond C;Thornburg K;Barker DJ. Pre-eclampsia is associated with increased risk of stroke in the adult offspring: the Helsinki birth cohort study. Stroke 2009; 40:1176-1180.  Margetts BM;Fall CH;Ronsmans C;Allen LH;Fisher DJ;including Osmond C. Multiple micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy in low-income countries: review of methods and characteristics of studies included in the meta-analyses. Food Nutr Bull 2009; 30:S517-S526.  O'Tierney PF;Barker DJ;Osmond C;Kajantie E;Eriksson JG. Duration of breast-feeding and adiposity in adult life. J Nutr 2009; 139:422S-425S.   Owen CG;Whincup PH;Orfei L;Chou QA;Rudnicka AR;Wathern AK;Kaye SJ;Eriksson JG;Osmond C;Cook DG. Is body mass index before middle age related to coronary heart disease risk in later life? Evidence from observational studies. Int J Obes (Lond) 2009; 33:866-877.  Paile-Hyvarinen M;Raikkonen K;Kajantie E;Darby D;Yliharsila H;Salonen MK;Osmond C;Eriksson JG. Impact of glucose metabolism and birth size on cognitive performance in elderly subjects. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2009; 83:379-386.   Painter RC;Westendorp RG;de Rooij SR;Osmond C;Barker DJP;Roseboom TJ. Reply: Increased reproductive success of women after prenatal undernutrition? (letter). Human Reproduction 2009; 24:491-492.  Painter RC;de Rooij SR;Osmond C;Gluckman P;Hanson M;Phillips D;Roseboom TJ. Transgenerational effects of prenatal exposure to the Dutch Famine: Authors Reply (letter). BJOG: an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology 2009; 116:868-.  Pulizzi N;Lyssenko V;Jonsson A;Osmond C;Laakso M;Kajantie E;Barker DJ;Groop LC;Eriksson JG. Interaction between prenatal growth and high-risk genotypes in the development of type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2009; 52:825-829.  Pulizzi N;Lyssenko V;Jonsson A;Osmond C;Laakso M;Kajantie E;Barker DJ;Groop LC;Eriksson JG. Erratum to: Interaction between prenatal growth and high-risk genotypes in the development of type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2009; 52:2671-.  Raikkonen K;Forsen T;Henriksson M;Kajantie E;Heinonen K;Pesonen AK;Leskinen JT;Laaksonen I;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Eriksson JG. Growth trajectories and intellectual abilities in young adulthood: The Helsinki Birth Cohort study. Am J Epidemiol 2009; 170:447-455.  Ronsmans C;Fisher DJ;Osmond C;Margetts BM;Fall CHD. Multiple micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy in low-income countries: A meta-analysis of effects on stillbirths and on early and late neonatal mortality. Food and Nutrition Bulletin 2009; 30(4):S547-S555.  Sachdev HP;Osmond C;Fall CH;Lakshmy R;Ramji S;Dey Biswas SK;Prabhakaran D;Tandon N;Reddy KS;Barker DJ;Bhargava SK. Predicting adult metabolic syndrome from childhood body mass index: follow-up of the New Delhi birth cohort. Arch Dis Child 2009; 94:768-774.  Salonen MK;Kajantie E;Osmond C;Forsen T;Yliharsila H;Paile-Hyvarinen M;Barker DJ;Eriksson JG. Role of childhood growth on the risk of metabolic syndrome in obese men and women. Diabetes Metab 2009; 35:94-100.  Salonen MK;Kajantie E;Osmond C;Forsen T;Yliharsila H;Paile-Hyvarinen M;Barker DJ;Eriksson JG. Childhood growth and future risk of the metabolic syndrome in normal-weight men and women. Diabetes Metab 2009; 35:143-150.  Salonen MK;Kajantie E;Osmond C;Forsen T;Yliharsila H;Paile-Hyvarinen M;Barker DJ;Eriksson JG. Role of socioeconomic indicators on development of obesity from a life course perspective. J Environ Public Health 2009; 2009:625168-. 2008  Barker DJ;Osmond C;Thornburg KL;Kajantie E;Forsen TJ;Eriksson JG. A possible link between the pubertal growth of girls and breast cancer in their daughters. Am J Hum Biol 2008; 20:127-131.   Barker DJ;Osmond C;Thornburg KL;Kajantie E;Eriksson JG. A possible link between the pubertal growth of girls and ovarian cancer in their daughters. Am J Hum Biol 2008; 20:659-662.   Fall CH;Sachdev HS;Osmond C;Lakshmy R;Biswas SD;Prabhakaran D;Tandon N;Ramji S;Reddy KS;Barker DJ;Bhargava SK. Adult metabolic syndrome and impaired glucose tolerance are associated with different patterns of BMI gain during infancy: Data from the New Delhi Birth Cohort. Diabetes Care 2008; 31:2349-2356.  Feldt K;Raikkonen K;Eriksson JG;Andersson S;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Phillips DI;Kajantie E. Childhood growth and cardiovascular reactivity to psychological stressors in late adulthood. J Intern Med 2008; 264:72-82.  Jones A;Beda A;Osmond C;Godfrey KM;Simpson DM;Phillips DI. Sex-specific programming of cardiovascular physiology in children. Eur Heart J 2008; 29:2164-2170.  Kajantie E;Barker DJ;Osmond C;Forsen T;Eriksson JG. Growth before 2 years of age and serum lipids 60 years later: the Helsinki Birth Cohort study. International Journal of Epidemiology 2008; 37:280-289.  Lahti J;Raikkonen K;Heinonen K;Pesonen AK;Kajantie E;Forsen T;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Eriksson JG. Body size at birth and socio-economic status in childhood: implications for Cloninger's psychobiological model of temperament at age 60. Psychiatry Res 2008; 160:167-174.  Painter RC;Osmond C;Gluckman P;Hanson M;Phillips DI;Roseboom TJ. Transgenerational effects of prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine on neonatal adiposity and health in later life. BJOG 2008; 115:1243-1249.  Painter RC;Westendorp RG;de R;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Roseboom TJ. Increased reproductive success of women after prenatal undernutrition. Hum Reprod 2008; 23:2591-2595.  Raikkonen K;Pesonen AK;Heinonen K;Lahti J;Kajantie E;Forsen T;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Eriksson JG. Infant growth and hostility in adult life. Psychosom Med 2008; 70:306-313.  Sellayah D;Sek K;Anthony FW;Watkins AJ;Osmond C;Fleming TP;Hanson MA;Cagampang FR. Appetite regulatory mechanisms and food intake in mice are sensitive to mismatch in diets between pregnancy and postnatal periods. Brain Res 2008; 1237:146-152.  Watkins AJ;Ursell E;Panton R;Papenbrock T;Hollis L;Cunningham C et al. Adaptive responses by mouse early embryos to maternal diet protect fetal growth but predispose to adult onset disease. Biol Reprod 2008; 78:299-306.   Watkins AJ;Wilkins A;Cunningham C;Perry VH;Seet MJ;Osmond C;Eckert JJ;Torrens C;Cagampang FR;Cleal J;Gray WP;Hanson MA;Fleming TP. Low protein diet fed exclusively during mouse oocyte maturation leads to behavioural and cardiovascular abnormalities in offspring. J Physiol 2008; 586:2231-2244.  Whincup PH;Kaye SJ;Owen CG;Huxley R;Cook DG;Anazawa S et al. Birth weight and risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. Journal of the American Medical Association 2008; 300:2886-2897.  Yliharsila H;Kajantie E;Osmond C;Forsen T;Barker DJ;Eriksson JG. Body mass index during childhood and adult body composition in men and women aged 56-70 y. Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 87:1769-1775. 2007  Barker DJ;Osmond C;Forsen TJ;Kajantie E;Eriksson JG. Maternal and social origins of hypertension. Hypertension 2007; 50:565-571.   Eriksson JG;Forsen TJ;Kajantie E;Osmond C;Barker DJ. Childhood growth and hypertension in later life. Hypertension 2007; 49:1415-1421.   Feldt K;Raikkonen K;Eriksson JG;Andersson S;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Phillips DI;Kajantie E. Cardiovascular reactivity to psychological stressors in late adulthood is predicted by gestational age at birth. J Hum Hypertens 2007; 21:401-410.  Fitzsimmons D;Osmond C;George S;Johnson CD. Trends in stomach and pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality in England and Wales, 1951-2000. Br J Surg 2007; 94:1162-1171.   Gulani A;Nagpal J;Osmond C;Sachdev HP. Effect of administration of intestinal anthelmintic drugs on haemoglobin: systematic review of randomised controlled trials. British Medical Journal 2007; 334:1095-.   Joglekar CV;Fall CH;Deshpande VU;Joshi N;Bhalerao A;Solat V;Deokar TM;Chougule SD;Leary SD;Osmond C;Yajnik CS. Newborn size, infant and childhood growth, and body composition and cardiovascular disease risk factors at the age of 6 years: the Pune Maternal Nutrition Study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2007; 31:1534-1544.   Jones A;Beda A;Ward AM;Osmond C;Phillips DI;Moore VM;Simpson DM. Size at birth and autonomic function during psychological stress. Hypertension 2007; 49:548-555.  Kajantie E;Feldt K;Raikkonen K;Phillips DI;Osmond C;Heinonen K;Pesonen AK;Andersson S;Barker DJ;Eriksson JG. Body size at birth predicts hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to psychosocial stress at age 60 to 70 years. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92:4094-4100.   Kwong WY;Miller DJ;Wilkins AP;Dear MS;Wright JN;Osmond C;Zhang J;Fleming TP. Maternal low protein diet restricted to the preimplantation period induces a gender-specific change on hepatic gene expression in rat fetuses. Mol Reprod Dev 2007; 74:48-56.   Osmond C;Kajantie E;Forsen TJ;Eriksson JG;Barker DJ. Infant growth and stroke in adult life: the Helsinki birth cohort study. Stroke 2007; 38:264-270.  Paile-Hyvarinen M;Raikkonen K;Forsen T;Kajantie E;Yliharsila H;Salonen MK;Osmond C;Eriksson JG. Depression and its association with diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and birth weight. Ann Med 2007; :1-7.   Painter RC;de Rooij SR;Bossuyt PM;de Groot E;Stok WJ;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Bleker OP;Roseboom TJ. Maternal nutrition during gestation and carotid arterial compliance in the adult offspring: the Dutch famine birth cohort. J Hypertens 2007; 25:533-540.  Painter RC;de R;Hutten BA;Bossuyt PM;de GE;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Bleker OP;Roseboom TJ. Reduced intima media thickness in adults after prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine. Atherosclerosis 2007; 193:421-427.   Raikkonen K;Pesonen AK;Kajantie E;Heinonen K;Forsen T;Phillips DI;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Eriksson JG. Length of gestation and depressive symptoms at age 60 years. Br J Psychiatry 2007; 190:469-474.   Reynolds RM;Godfrey KM;Barker M;Osmond C;Phillips DI. Stress responsiveness in adult life: influence of mother's diet in late pregnancy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92:2208-2210.   Thame M;Trotman H;Osmond C;Fletcher H;Antoine M. Body composition in pregnancies of adolescents and mature women and the relationship to birth anthropometry. Eur J Clin Nutr 2007; 61:47-53.   Watkins AJ;Platt D;Papenbrock T;Wilkins A;Eckert JJ;Kwong WY;Osmond C;Hanson M;Fleming TP. Mouse embryo culture induces changes in postnatal phenotype including raised systolic blood pressure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:5449-5454.  Yliharsila H;Kajantie E;Osmond C;Forsen T;Barker DJ;Eriksson JG. Birth size, adult body composition and muscle strength in later life. Int J Obes (Lond) 2007; 31:1392-1399.  2006  de Rooij SR;Painter RC;Roseboom TJ;Phillips DI;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Tanck MW;Michels RP;Bossuyt PM;Bleker OP. Glucose tolerance at age 58 and the decline of glucose tolerance in comparison with age 50 in people prenatally exposed to the Dutch famine. Diabetologia 2006; 49:637-643.  de Rooij SR;Painter RC;Phillips DI;Osmond C;Tanck MW;Defesche JC;Bossuyt PM;Michels RP;Bleker OP;Roseboom TJ. The Effects of the Pro12Ala Polymorphism of the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-{gamma}2 Gene on Glucose/Insulin Metabolism Interact With Prenatal Exposure to Famine. Diabetes Care 2006; 29:1052-1057.  de Rooij SR;Painter RC;Phillips DI;Osmond C;Michels RP;Godsland IF;Bossuyt PM;Bleker OP;Roseboom TJ. Impaired insulin secretion after prenatal exposure to the dutch famine. Diabetes Care 2006; 29:1897-1901.  de Rooij SR;Painter RC;Phillips DI;Osmond C;Michels RP;Bossuyt PM;Bleker OP;Roseboom TJ. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in adults who were prenatally exposed to the Dutch famine. Eur J Endocrinol 2006; 155:153-160.  de Rooij SR;Painter RC;Phillips DI;Osmond C;Tanck MW;Bossuyt PM;Roseboom TJ. Cortisol responses to psychological stress in adults after prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2006; 31:1257-1265.  Eriksson JG;Osmond C;Kajantie E;Forsen TJ;Barker DJ. Patterns of growth among children who later develop type 2 diabetes or its risk factors. Diabetologia 2006; 49:2853-2858.  Eriksson JG;Osmond C;Forsen T;Kajantie E;Barker DJ;Laakso M. Insulin gene variable number of tandem repeats genotype, early growth and glucose metabolism in adult life. Int J Endocrinol Metab 2006; 4:180-187.  Jones A;Godfrey KM;Wood P;Osmond C;Goulden P;Phillips DI. Fetal growth and the adrenocortical response to psychological stress. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91:1868-1871.  Kajantie E;Phillips DI;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Forsen T;Eriksson JG. Spontaneous hypothyroidism in adult women is predicted by small body size at birth and during childhood. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91:4953-4956.  Kwong WY;Miller DJ;Ursell E;Wild AE;Wilkins AP;Osmond C;Anthony FW;Fleming TP. Imprinted gene expression in the rat embryo-fetal axis is altered in response to periconceptional maternal low protein diet. Reproduction 2006; 132:265-277.  Leary S;Fall C;Osmond C;Lovel H;Campbell D;Eriksson J et al. Geographical variation in neonatal phenotype. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2006; 85:1080-1089.  Leary S;Fall C;Osmond C;Lovel H;Campbell D;Eriksson J et al. Geographical variation in relationships between parental body size and offspring phenotype at birth. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2006; 85:1066-1079.  Painter RC;de Rooij SR;Bossuyt PM;Simmers TA;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Bleker OP;Roseboom TJ. Early onset of coronary artery disease after prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine. Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 84:322-327.  Painter RC;de Rooij SR;Bossuyt PM;Phillips DI;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Bleker OP;Roseboom TJ. Blood pressure response to psychological stressors in adults after prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine. J Hypertens 2006; 24:1771-1778.  Painter RC;de Rooij SR;Bossuyt PM;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Bleker OP;Roseboom TJ. A possible link between prenatal exposure to famine and breast cancer: a preliminary study. Am J Hum Biol 2006; 18:853-856.  Rautanen A;Eriksson JG;Kere J;Andersson S;Osmond C;Tienari P;Sairanen H;Barker DJ;Phillips DI;Forsen T;Kajantie E. Associations of body size at birth with late-life cortisol concentrations and glucose tolerance are modified by haplotypes of the glucocorticoid receptor gene. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91:4544-4551.  Samms-Vaughan M;Thame M;Osmond C;Hambleton IR;Caw-Binns A;Ashley DE;Serjeant GR. Growth curves for normal Jamaican neonates. West Indian Medical Journal 2006; 55:368-374.   Watkins A;Wilkins A;Osmond C;Warner CM;Comiskey M;Hanson M;Fleming TP. The influence of mouse Ped gene expression on postnatal development. J Physiol 2006; 571:211-220. 2005  Barker DJ;Osmond C;Forsen TJ;Kajantie E;Eriksson JG. Trajectories of growth among children who have coronary events as adults. N Engl J Med 2005; 353:1802-1809.  Barker DJ;Eriksson JG;Forsen T;Osmond C. Infant growth and income 50 years later. Arch Dis Child 2005; 90:272-273.   Goverdhan SV;Howell MW;Mullins RF;Osmond C;Hodgkins PR;Self J;Avery K;Lotery AJ. Association of HLA Class I and Class II Polymorphisms with Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005; 46:1726-1734.  Kajantie E;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Forsen T;Phillips DI;Eriksson JG. Size at birth as a predictor of mortality in adulthood: a follow-up of 350 000 person-years. International Journal of Epidemiology 2005; 34:655-663.  Nichols SD;Boyne MS;Thame M;Osmond C;Wilks RJ;Bennett FI;McFarlane-Anderson N;Young RE;Forrester TE. Cold-induced elevation of forearm vascular resistance is inversely related to birth weight. J Hum Hypertens 2005; 19:309-314.   Osmond C;Kwong WY;Fleming TP. Statistical analysis of data in support of the Barker hypothesis, advantages of using random effects regression model in hierarchical data. Reprod Biomed Online 2005; 10:152-153.  Painter RC;Roseboom TJ;van Montfrans GA;Bossuyt PM;Krediet RT;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Bleker OP. Microalbuminuria in adults after prenatal exposure to the dutch famine. J Am Soc Nephrol 2005; 16:189-194.  Painter RC;Roseboom TJ;Bossuyt PM;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Bleker OP. Adult mortality at age 57 after prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine. Eur J Epidemiol 2005; 20:673-676.  Phillips DI;Bennett FI;Wilks R;Thame M;Boyne M;Osmond C;Forrester TE. Maternal body composition, offspring blood pressure and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2005; 19:294-302.  Sachdev HS;Fall CH;Osmond C;Lakshmy R;Dey Biswas SK;Leary SD;Reddy KS;Barker DJ;Bhargava SK. Anthropometric indicators of body composition in young adults: relation to size at birth and serial measurements of body mass index in childhood in the New Delhi birth cohort. Am J Clin Nutr 2005; 82:456-466.  Sachdev HS;Fall CH;Osmond C. The changing face and implications of childhood obesity.. New England Journal of Medicine 2005; 350:2434-2435.  Syddall HE;Sayer AA;Simmonds SJ;Osmond C;Cox V;Dennison EM;Barker DJ;Cooper C. Birth Weight, Infant Weight Gain, and Cause-specific Mortality: The Hertfordshire Cohort Study. Am J Epidemiol 2005; 161:1074-1080. 2004  Bhargava SK;Sachdev HS;Fall CH;Osmond C;Lakshmy R;Barker DJ;Biswas SK;Ramji S;Prabhakaran D;Reddy KS. Relation of serial changes in childhood body mass index to impaired glucose tolerance in young adulthood. New England Journal of Medicine 2004; 26:865-875.  Eriksson JG;Yliharsila H;Forsen T;Osmond C;Barker DJ. Exercise protects against glucose intolerance in individuals with a small body size at birth. Prev Med 2004; 39:164-167.  Forsen T;Osmond C;Eriksson JG;Barker DJ. Growth of girls who later develop coronary heart disease. Heart 2004; 90:20-24.  Kajantie E;Eriksson J;Osmond C;Wood PJ;Forsen T;Barker DJ;Phillips DI. Size at birth, the metabolic syndrome and 24-h salivary cortisol profile. Clinical Endocrinology 2004; 60:201-207.  Kajantie E;Rautanen A;Kere J;Andersson S;Yliharsila H;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Forsen T;Eriksson J. The effects of the ACE gene insertion/deletion polymorphism on glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in elderly people are modified by birth weight. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89:5738-5741.  Kubaszek A;Markkanen A;Eriksson JG;Forsen T;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Laakso M. The association of the K121Q polymorphism of the plasma cell glycoprotein-1 gene with type 2 diabetes and hypertension depends on size at birth. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89:2044-2047.  Kwong WY;Osmond C;Fleming TP. Support for Barker hypothesis upheld in rat model of maternal undernutrition during the preimplantation period: application of integrated 'random effects' statistical model. Reprod Biomed Online 2004; 8:574-576.  Sachdev HS;Fall CH;Osmond C. The changing face and implications of childhood obesity. New England Journal of Medicine 2004; 350:2416-.  Thame M;Osmond C;Bennett F;Wilks R;Forrester T. Fetal growth is directly related to maternal anthropometry and placental volume. Eur J Clin Nutr 2004; 58:894-900.  Yliharsila H;Eriksson JG;Forsen T;Laakso M;Uusitupa M;Osmond C;Barker DJ. Interactions between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma 2 gene polymorphisms and size at birth on blood pressure and the use of antihypertensive medication. Journal of Hypertension 2004; 22:1283-1287. 2003  Boyne MS;Thame M;Bennett FI;Osmond C;Miell JP;Forrester TE. The relationship among circulating insulin-like growth factor (IGF) -1, IGF-binding proteins-1 and -2, and birth anthropometry: a prospective study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88:1687-1691.  Eriksson J;Forsen T;Osmond C;Barker D. Obesity from cradle to grave. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2003; 27:722-727.  Eriksson J;Lindi V;Uusitupa M;Forsen T;Laakso M;Osmond C;Barker D. The effects of the Pro12A1a polymorphism of the PPARgamma-2 gene on lipid metabolism interact with body size at birth. Clin Genet 2003; 64:366-370.  Eriksson JG;Osmond C;Lindi V;Uusitupa M;Forsen T. Interactions between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gene polymorphism and birth length influence risk for type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003; 26:2476-2477.  Eriksson JG;Forsen TJ;Osmond C;Barker DJ. Pathways of infant and childhood growth that lead to type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003; 26:3006-3010.  Eriksson JG;Forsen T;Tuomilehto J;Osmond C;Barker DJP. Early adiposity rebound in childhood and risk of Type 2 diabetes in adult life. Diabetologia 2003; 46:190-194.  Kajantie E;Fall CH;Seppala M;Koistinen R;Dunkel L;Yliharsila H;Osmond C;Andersson S;Barker DJ;Forsen T;Holt RI;Phillips DI;Eriksson J. Serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF) -1 and IGF-binding protein-1 in elderly people: relationships with cardiovascular risk factors, body composition, size at birth, and childhood growth. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88:1059-1065.  Kajantie E;Eriksson J;Barker DJP;Forsen T;Osmond C;Wood PJ;Andersson S;Dunkel L;Phillips DIW. Birthsize, gestational age and adrenal function in adult life: studies of dexamethasone suppression and ACTH1-24 stimulation. Eur J Endocrinol 2003; 149:569-575.  Roseboom TJ;van der Meulen JHP;Ravelli ACJ;Osmond C;Barker DJP;Bleker OP. Perceived health of adults after prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 2003; 17:391-397.  Thame M;Osmond C;Fletcher H;Forrester TE. Ultrasound derived fetal growth curves for a Jamaican population. West Indian Med J 2003; 52:99-110.  Yliharsila H;Eriksson JG;Forsen T;Kajantie E;Osmond C;Barker DJ. Self-perpetuating effects of birth size on blood pressure levels in elderly people. Hypertension 2003; 41:446-450.