The ERC has been at the forefront of demonstrating associations between fetal, infant and childhood development and chronic ill-health in adulthood in developed communities. Our work over the past five years has focused on the developmental influences on health in childhood and adult life, specifically on women of child-bearing age, and in then in fetal life, infancy, childhood and adulthood.

The objectives of the programme are to (a) define the early environmental determinants of later chronic disease and their mechanistic basis, and (b) translate this work into policy measures and interventions to improve public health. We aim to: (1) maximise the potential of the ERC cohorts to enable the definition of developmental influences on major childhood and adult disorders, and examine hypotheses relating to prenatal/postnatal mismatch, epigenetic processes and economic consequences; and (2) conduct intervention studies in young women to improve their health and that of their children.

Within the Southampton Women’s Survey and our other mother-offspring cohorts we shall examine the hypothesis that maternal and lifestyle influences from before conception, and ‘mismatches’ between the fetal/infant and later childhood environment, have detrimental effects on body composition, cardiovascular structure and function, respiratory disease and atopy, and cognition. Data from Helsinki and from other European cohorts will be used to increase our understanding of influences on major adult disorders, notably cardiovascular disease and cancer. Within our EpiGen consortium we aim to define epigenetic biomarkers of later disease risk that will inform intervention studies. Our data resources spanning the lifecourse provide opportunities for comprehensive mechanistic and behavioural insights into chronic diseases and markers at different stages of life. Moreover, in an international collaboration we are defining the economic consequences of a poor start to life, which will inform public health policy and assess the potential impact of focused interventions. Finally, our work has led to four interventions to improve the diets and health behaviours of young women. Three of these target women in pregnancy. The fourth (the Southampton Initiative for Health) focuses on women of child-bearing age who already have young children. The aim is to improve the health of the women prior to any subsequent pregnancy and that of their children.

Our work contributes to three current MRC research priorities: clinical and public health research, ageing-related research, and biomarkers. The work has a strong clinical and public health focus, our lifecourse approach increases understanding of ageing, and our work on epigenetic processes aims to identify biomarkers that assist in the characterisation of new interventions to improve public health. Our cohort studies will provide evidence as to whether mismatches between the maternal, infant and childhood environments are associated with cardiovascular risk, impaired respiratory health, cognitive development, and obesity. Our intervention studies will provide translational data on the benefits of better nutrition of young women, and have the potential to improve the health of women and children now, and that of future generations.

Related Projects: Southampton Initiative for Health (SIH)

Related Staff:
Baird, J Dr Barker, M Dr Coakley, P Mrs Cole, Z Dr Cooper, C Prof Crozier, S Dr Gale, C Dr Godfrey, K Prof	Hammond, J Miss Harvey, N Dr Inskip, H Prof Lawrence, W Dr Mahon, P Dr Robinson, S Dr

Related Publications: 2013  Alastalo H;Raikkonen K;Pesonen AK;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Heinonen K;Kajantie E;Eriksson JG. Early life stress and blood pressure levels in late adulthood. J Hum Hypertens 2013; 27:90-94.  Eriksson JG;Kajantie E;Lampl M;Osmond C;Barker DJ. Markers of biological fitness as predictors of all-cause mortality. Ann Med 2013; 45:156-161.  Moon RJ;Harvey NC;Robinson SM;Ntani G;Davies JH;Inskip HM;Godfrey KM;Dennison EM;Calder PC;Cooper C. Maternal plasma polyunsaturated fatty acid status in late pregnancy is associated with offspring body composition in childhood. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:299-307.  Parasuraman R;Osmond C;Howe DT. Gestation-specific reference intervals for fetal cardiac Doppler indices from 12 to 40 weeks. Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2013; :-.  Raikkonen K;Kajantie E;Pesonen AK;Heinonen K;Alastalo H;Leskinen JT et al. Early life origins cognitive decline: findings in elderly men in the helsinki birth cohort study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54707-. 2012  Alastalo H;Raikkonen K;Pesonen AK;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Heinonen K;Kajantie E;Eriksson JG. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in Finnish men and women separated temporarily from their parents in childhood--a life course study. Psychosom Med 2012; 74:583-587.  Barker DJ;Osmond C;Thornburg KL;Kajantie E;Eriksson JG. A possible link between the pubertal growth of girls and prostate cancer in their sons. Am J Hum Biol 2012; 24:406-410.  Barker DJ;Larsen G;Osmond C;Thornburg KL;Kajantie E;Eriksson JG. The placental origins of sudden cardiac death. Int J Epidemiol 2012; 41:1394-1399.  Barker M;Lawrence W;Robinson S;Baird J. Food labelling and dietary behaviour: bridging the gap. Public Health Nutr 2012; 15:758-759.  Black C;Ntani G;Kenny R;Tinati T;Jarman M;Lawrence W;Barker M;Inskip H;Cooper C;Moon G;Baird J. Variety and quality of healthy foods differ according to neighbourhood deprivation. Health Place 2012; 18:1292-1299.  Blunden CH;Inskip HM;Robinson SM;Cooper C;Godfrey KM;Kendrick TR. Postpartum depressive symptoms: the B-vitamin link. Ment Health Fam Med 2012; 9:5-13.  Cole ZA;Harvey NC;Kim M;Ntani G;Robinson SM;Inskip HM;Godfrey KM;Cooper C;Dennison EM. Increased fat mass is associated with increased bone size but reduced volumetric density in pre pubertal children. Bone 2012; 50:562-567.  Crozier SR;Harvey NC;Inskip HM;Godfrey KM;Cooper C;Robinson SM. Maternal vitamin D status in pregnancy is associated with adiposity in the offspring: findings from the Southampton Women's Survey. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 96:57-63.  Dodds R;Macdonald-Wallis C;Kapasi T;Sayer AA;Robinson S;Godfrey K;Cooper C;Harvey N;Inskip H. Grip strength at 4 years in relation to birth weight. Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 2012; 3(02):111-115.  Drake AJ;McPherson RC;Godfrey KM;Cooper C;Lillycrop KA;Hanson MA;Meehan RR;Seckl JR;Reynolds RM. An unbalanced maternal diet in pregnancy associates with offspring epigenetic changes in genes controlling glucocorticoid action and foetal growth. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2012; 77:808-815.  Eriksson JG;Gelow J;Thornburg KL;Osmond C;Laakso M;Uusitupa M;Lindi V;Kajantie E;Barker DJ. Long-term effects of placental growth on overweight and body composition. Int J Pediatr 2012; 2012:324185-.  Garcia-Rodriguez CE;Mesa MD;Olza J;Vlachava M;Kremmyda LS;Diaper ND et al. Does consumption of two portions of salmon per week enhance the antioxidant defense system in pregnant women?. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 16:1401-1406.  Garcia-Rodriguez CE;Olza J;Aguilera CM;Mesa MD;Miles EA;Noakes PS;Vlachava M;Kremmyda LS;Diaper ND;Godfrey KM;Calder PC;Gil A. Plasma inflammatory and vascular homeostasis biomarkers increase during human pregnancy but are not affected by oily fish intake. J Nutr 2012; 142:1191-1196.  Godfrey KM;Haugen G;Kiserud T;Inskip HM;Cooper C;Harvey NC;Crozier SR;Robinson SM;Davies L;Hanson MA. Fetal liver blood flow distribution: role in human developmental strategy to prioritize fat deposition versus brain development. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41759-.  Grace M;Woods-Townsend K;Griffiths G;Godfrey K;Hanson M;Galloway I;Azaola MC;Harman K;Byrne J;Inskip H. A science-based approach to developing teenagers' views on their health and the health of their future children.. Health Education 2012; 112:543-559.  Harvey NC;Mahon PA;Kim M;Cole ZA;Robinson SM;Javaid K;Inskip HM;Godfrey KM;Dennison EM;Cooper C. Intrauterine growth and postnatal skeletal development: findings from the Southampton Women's Survey. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2012; 26:34-44.  Harvey NC;Cole ZA;Crozier SR;Kim M;Ntani G;Goodfellow L;Robinson SM;Inskip HM;Godfrey KM;Dennison EM;Wareham N;Ekelund U;Cooper C. Physical activity, calcium intake and childhood bone mineral: a population-based cross-sectional study. Osteoporos Int 2012; 23:121-130.  Harvey NC;Javaid K;Bishop N;Kennedy S;Papageorghiou AT;Fraser R;Gandhi SV;Schoenmakers I;Prentice A;Cooper C. MAVIDOS Maternal Vitamin D Osteoporosis Study: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. The MAVIDOS Study Group. Trials 2012; 13:13-.  Harvey NC;Lillycrop KA;Garratt E;Sheppard A;McLean C;Burdge G et al. Evaluation of methylation status of the eNOS promoter at birth in relation to childhood bone mineral content. Calcif Tissue Int 2012; 90:120-127.  Helmersson-Karlqvist J;Miles EA;Vlachava M;Kremmyda LS;Noakes PS;Diaper ND;Godfrey KM;Calder PC;Basu S. Enhanced prostaglandin F(2alpha) formation in human pregnancy and the effect of increased oily fish intake: Results from the Salmon in Pregnancy Study. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2012; 86:35-38.  Inskip H;Macdonald-Wallis C;Kapasi T;Robinson S;Godfrey K;Cooper C;Harvey N;Aihie SA. Associations between grip strength of parents and their 4-year-old children: findings from the Southampton Women's Survey. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2012; 26:27-33.  Ioannou C;Javaid MK;Mahon P;Yaqub MK;Harvey NC;Godfrey KM;Noble JA;Cooper C;Papageorghiou AT. The effect of maternal vitamin d concentration on fetal bone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97:E2070-E2077.  Jarman M;Lawrence W;Ntani G;Tinati T;Pease A;Black C;Baird J;Barker M. Low levels of food involvement and negative affect reduce the quality of diet in women of lower educational attainment. J Hum Nutr Diet 2012; 25:444-452.  Kajantie E;Raikkonen K;Henriksson M;Leskinen JT;Forsen T;Heinonen K;Pesonen AK;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Eriksson JG. Stroke is predicted by low visuospatial in relation to other intellectual abilities and coronary heart disease by low general intelligence. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46841-.  Keyte J;Harris S;Margetts B;Robinson S;Baird J. Engagement with the National Healthy Schools Programme is associated with higher fruit and vegetable consumption in primary school children. J Hum Nutr Diet 2012; 25:155-160.  Lahti M;Pesonen AK;Raikkonen K;Heinonen K;Wahlbeck K;Kajantie E;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Eriksson JG. Temporary separation from parents in early childhood and serious personality disorders in adult life. J Pers Disord 2012; 26:751-762.  Lawrence W;Keyte J;Tinati T;Haslam C;Baird J;Margetts B;Swift J;Cooper C;Barker M. A mixed-methods investigation to explore how women living in disadvantaged areas might be supported to improve their diets. J Health Psychol 2012; 17:785-798.  Lewis RM;Cleal JK;Ntani G;Crozier SR;Mahon PA;Robinson SM;Harvey NC;Cooper C;Inskip HM;Godfrey KM;Hanson MA;John RM. Relationship between placental expression of the imprinted PHLDA2 gene, intrauterine skeletal growth and childhood bone mass. Bone 2012; 50:337-342.  Noakes PS;Vlachava M;Kremmyda LS;Diaper ND;Miles EA;Erlewyn-Lajeunesse M;Williams AP;Godfrey KM;Calder PC. Increased intake of oily fish in pregnancy: effects on neonatal immune responses and on clinical outcomes in infants at 6 mo. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 95:395-404.  O'Tierney PF;Lewis RM;McWeeney SK;Hanson MA;Inskip HM;Morgan TK;Barker DJ;Bagby G;Cooper C;Godfrey KM;Thornburg KL. Immune response gene profiles in the term placenta depend upon maternal muscle mass. Reprod Sci 2012; 19:1041-1056.  Perala MM;Mannisto S;Kaartinen NE;Kajantie E;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Valsta LM;Eriksson JG. Body size at birth is associated with food and nutrient intake in adulthood. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46139-.  Pike KC;Inskip HM;Robinson S;Lucas JS;Cooper C;Harvey NC;Godfrey KM;Roberts G. Maternal late-pregnancy serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in relation to childhood wheeze and atopic outcomes. Thorax 2012; 67:950-956.  Pike KC;Calder PC;Inskip HM;Robinson SM;Roberts GC;Cooper C;Godfrey KM;Lucas JS. Maternal plasma phosphatidylcholine Fatty acids and atopy and wheeze in the offspring at age of 6 years. Clin Dev Immunol 2012; 2012:474613-.  Pilgrim A;Barker M;Jackson A;Ntani G;Crozier S;Inskip H;Godfrey K;Cooper C;Robinson S. Does living in a food insecure household impact on the diets and body composition of young children? Findings from the Southampton Women's Survey. J Epidemiol Community Health 2012; 66:e6-.  Sandboge S;Moltchanova E;Blomstedt PA;Salonen MK;Kajantie E;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Eriksson JG. Birth-weight and resting metabolic rate in adulthood - sex-specific differences. Ann Med 2012; 44:296-303.  Tinati T;Lawrence W;Ntani G;Black C;Cradock S;Jarman M;Pease A;Begum R;Inskip H;Cooper C;Baird J;Barker M. Implementation of new Healthy Conversation Skills to support lifestyle changes - what helps and what hinders? Experiences of Sure Start Children's Centre staff. Health Soc Care Community 2012; 20:430-437.  Tuovinen S;Raikkonen K;Pesonen AK;Lahti M;Heinonen K;Wahlbeck K;Kajantie E;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Eriksson JG. Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and risk of severe mental disorders in the offspring in adulthood: The Helsinki Birth Cohort Study. J Psychiatr Res 2012; 46:303-310.  Tuovinen S;Raikkonen K;Kajantie E;Leskinen JT;Henriksson M;Pesonen AK;Heinonen K;Osmond C;Barker D;Eriksson JG. Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and intellectual abilities in the offspring in young adulthood: the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study. Ann Med 2012; 44:394-403.  Urwin HJ;Miles EA;Noakes PS;Kremmyda LS;Vlachava M;Diaper ND;Perez-Cano FJ;Godfrey KM;Calder PC;Yaqoob P. Salmon Consumption during Pregnancy Alters Fatty Acid Composition and Secretory IgA Concentration in Human Breast Milk. J Nutr 2012; 142:1603-1610.  Veenendaal MV;de Rooij SR;Painter RC;Robinson SM;Osmond C;Aihie Sayer A;Roseboom TJ. Grip strength at age 58 after prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine. Journal of Aging Research and Clinical Practice 2012; 1:29-32.  Ystrom E;Barker M;Vollrath ME. Impact of mothers' negative affectivity, parental locus of control and child-feeding practices on dietary patterns of 3-year-old children: The MoBa Cohort Study. Matern Child Nutr 2012; 8:103-114. 2011  Alwan NA;Greenwood DC;Simpson NA;McArdle HJ;Godfrey KM;Cade JE. Dietary iron intake during early pregnancy and birth outcomes in a cohort of British women. Hum Reprod 2011; 26:911-919.  Alwasel SH;Abotalib Z;Aljarallah JS;Osmond C;Alkharaz SM;Alhazza IM;Harrath A;Thornburg K;Barker DJ. Secular increase in placental weight in Saudi Arabia. Placenta 2011; 32:391-394.  Barker DJ;Osmond C;Thornburg KL;Kajantie E;Eriksson JG. The lifespan of men and the shape of their placental surface at birth. Placenta 2011; 32:783-787.  Barker JP;Kajantie E;Osmond C;Thornburg KL;Eriksson JG. How boys grow determines how long they live. Am J Hum Biol 2011; 23:412-416.  Barker M;Baird J;Lawrence W;Jarman M;Black C;Barnard K;Cradock S;Davies J;Margetts B;Inskip H;Cooper C. The Southampton Initiative for Health: a complex intervention to improve the diets and increase the physical activity levels of women from disadvantaged communities. J Health Psychol 2011; 16:178-191.  Cleal JK;Glazier JD;Ntani G;Crozier SR;Day PE;Harvey NC;Robinson SM;Cooper C;Godfrey KM;Hanson MA;Lewis RM. Facilitated transporters mediate net efflux of amino acids to the fetus across the basal membrane of the placental syncytiotrophoblast. J Physiol 2011; 589:987-997.  de Rooij SR;Painter RC;Phillips DI;Raikkonen K;Schene AH;Roseboom TJ. Self-reported depression and anxiety after prenatal famine exposure: mediation by cardio-metabolic pathology?. Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 2011; 2(3):136-143.  Feldt K;Raikkonen K;Pyhala R;Jones A;Phillips DI;Eriksson JG;Pesonen AK;Heinonen K;Jarvenpaa AL;Strandberg TE;Kajantie E. Body size at birth and cardiovascular response to and recovery from mental stress in children. J Hum Hypertens 2011; 25:231-240.  Fisk CM;Crozier SR;Inskip HM;Godfrey KM;Cooper C;Roberts GC;Robinson SM. Breastfeeding and reported morbidity during infancy: findings from the Southampton Women's Survey. Matern Child Nutr 2011; 7:61-70.  Fisk CM;Crozier SR;Inskip HM;Godfrey KM;Cooper C;Robinson SM. Influences on the quality of young children's diets: the importance of maternal food choices. Br J Nutr 2011; 105:287-296.  Garcia-Rodriguez CE;Helmersson-Karlqvist J;Dolores MM;Miles EA;Noakes PS;Vlachava M;Kremmyda LS;Diaper ND;Godfrey KM;Calder PC;Gil A;Basu S. Does increased intake of salmon increase markers of oxidative stress in pregnant women? The salmon in pregnancy study. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:2819-2823.  Godfrey KM;Sheppard A;Gluckman PD;Lillycrop KA;Burdge GC;McLean C et al. Epigenetic Gene Promoter Methylation at Birth Is Associated With Child's Later Adiposity. Diabetes 2011; 60:1528-1534.  Godfrey KM;Inskip HM;Hanson MA. The long-term effects of prenatal development on growth and metabolism. Semin Reprod Med 2011; 29:257-265.  Hanson M;Godfrey KM;Lillycrop KA;Burdge GC;Gluckman PD. Developmental plasticity and developmental origins of non-communicable disease: Theoretical considerations and epigenetic mechanisms. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 2011; 106:272-280.  Jones A;Osmond C;Godfrey KM;Phillips DI. Evidence for developmental programming of cerebral laterality in humans. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17071-.  Kessler J;Rasmussen S;Godfrey K;Hanson M;Kiserud T. Venous liver blood flow and regulation of human fetal growth: evidence from macrosomic fetuses. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2011; 204:429-7.  Lahti M;Raikkonen K;Wahlbeck K;Heinonen K;Forsen T;Kajantie E;Pesonen AK;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Eriksson JG. Growth in infancy and childhood and hospitalization for personality disorders in adulthood: the helsinki birth cohort study. J Pers Disord 2011; 25:620-633.  Lawrence W;Schlotz W;Crozier S;Skinner TC;Haslam C;Robinson S;Inskip H;Cooper C;Barker M. Specific psychological variables predict quality of diet in women of lower, but not higher, educational attainment. Appetite 2011; 56:46-52.  Miles EA;Noakes PS;Kremmyda LS;Vlachava M;Diaper ND;Rosenlund G et al. The Salmon in Pregnancy Study: study design, subject characteristics, maternal fish and marine n-3 fatty acid intake, and marine n-3 fatty acid status in maternal and umbilical cord blood. Am J Clin Nutr 2011; 94:1986S-1992S.  Parasuraman R;Osmond C;Howe DT. Comparison of the reproducibility of 2D doppler and 3D STIC in the measurement of fetal cardiac output. Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2011; 1:163-167.  Perala MM;Moltchanova E;Kaartinen NE;Mannisto S;Kajantie E;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Valsta LM;Eriksson JG. The association between salt intake and adult systolic blood pressure is modified by birth weight. Am J Clin Nutr 2011; 93:422-426.  Pesonen AK;Raikkonen K;Kajantie E;Heinonen K;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Forsen T;Eriksson JG. Inter-generational social mobility following early life stress. Ann Med 2011; 43:320-328.  Pesonen AK;Raikkonen K;Kajantie E;Heinonen K;Henriksson M;Leskinen JT;Osmond C;Forsen T;Barker DJP;Eriksson JG. Intellectual ability in young men separated temporarily from their parents in childhood. Intelligence 2011; 39:335-341.  Pike KC;Rose-Zerilli MJ;Osvald EC;Inskip HM;Godfrey KM;Crozier SR;Roberts G;Clough JB;Holloway JW;Lucas JS. The relationship between infant lung function and the risk of wheeze in the preschool years. Pediatr Pulmonol 2011; 46:75-82.  Raikkonen K;Lahti M;Heinonen K;Pesonen AK;Wahlbeck K;Kajantie E;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Eriksson JG. Risk of severe mental disorders in adults separated temporarily from their parents in childhood: The Helsinki birth cohort study. J Psychiatr Res 2011; 45:332-338.  Risnes KR;Vatten LJ;Baker JL;Jameson K;Sovio U;Kajantie E et al. Birthweight and mortality in adulthood: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Epidemiol 2011; 40:647-661.  Roseboom TJ;Painter RC;de R;van Abeelen AF;Veenendaal MV;Osmond C;Barker DJ. Effects of famine on placental size and efficiency. Placenta 2011; 32:395-399.  Salonen MK;Kajantie E;Osmond C;Forsen T;Yliharsila H;Paile-Hyvarinen M;Barker DJ;Eriksson JG. Prenatal and childhood growth and leisure time physical activity in adult life. Eur J Public Health 2011; 21:719-724.  Salonen MK;Kajantie E;Osmond C;Forsen T;Yliharsila H;Paile-Hyvarinen M;Barker DJ;Eriksson JG. Developmental origins of physical fitness: the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22302-.  van Abeelen AF;de Rooij SR;Osmond C;Painter RC;Veenendaal MV;Bossuyt PM;Elias SG;Grobbee DE;van der Schouw YT;Barker DJ;Roseboom TJ. The sex-specific effects of famine on the association between placental size and later hypertension. Placenta 2011; 32:694-698.  van den Elsen LW;Noakes PS;van der Maarel MA;Kremmyda LS;Vlachava M;Diaper ND;Miles EA;Eussen SR;Garssen J;Willemsen LE;Wilson SJ;Godfrey KM;Calder PC. Salmon consumption by pregnant women reduces ex vivo umbilical cord endothelial cell activation. Am J Clin Nutr 2011; 94:1418-1425.  von Bonsdorff MB;Rantanen T;Sipila S;Salonen MK;Kajantie E;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Eriksson JG. Birth size and childhood growth as determinants of physical functioning in older age: the helsinki birth cohort study. Am J Epidemiol 2011; 174:1336-1344.  Wright CM;Inskip HM;Godfrey K;Williams AF;Ong KK. Monitoring head size and growth using the new UK-WHO growth standard. Arch Dis Child 2011; 96:386-388. 2010  Andersen LG;Angquist L;Eriksson JG;Forsen T;Gamborg M;Osmond C;Baker JL;Sorensen TI. Birth weight, childhood body mass index and risk of coronary heart disease in adults: combined historical cohort studies. PLoS One 2010; 5:e14126-.  Barker DJ;Gelow J;Thornburg K;Osmond C;Kajantie E;Eriksson JG. The early origins of chronic heart failure: impaired placental growth and initiation of insulin resistance in childhood. Eur J Heart Fail 2010; 12:819-825.  Barker DJ;Thornburg KL;Osmond C;Kajantie E;Eriksson JG. The surface area of the placenta and hypertension in the offspring in later life. Int J Dev Biol 2010; 54:525-530.  Barker DJ;Thornburg KL;Osmond C;Kajantie E;Eriksson JG. The prenatal origins of lung cancer. II. The placenta. Am J Hum Biol 2010; 22:512-516.  Brand AP;Greenwood SL;Glazier JD;Bennett EJ;Godfrey KM;Sibley CP;Hanson MA;Lewis RM. Comparison of L-serine uptake by human placental microvillous membrane vesicles and placental villous fragments. Placenta 2010; 31:456-459.  Crozier SR;Inskip HM;Barker ME;Lawrence WT;Cooper C;Robinson SM. Development of a 20-item food frequency questionnaire to assess a 'prudent' dietary pattern among young women in Southampton. Eur J Clin Nutr 2010; 64:99-104.  Crozier SR;Inskip HM;Godfrey KM;Cooper C;Harvey NC;Cole ZA;Robinson SM. Weight gain in pregnancy and childhood body composition: findings from the Southampton Women's Survey. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 91:1745-1751.  de Rooij SR;Schene AH;Phillips DI;Roseboom TJ. Depression and anxiety: Associations with biological and perceived stress reactivity to a psychological stress protocol in a middle-aged population. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2010; 35:866-877.  Eriksson JG;Kajantie E;Osmond C;Thornburg K;Barker DJ. Boys live dangerously in the womb. Am J Hum Biol 2010; 22:330-335.  Eriksson JG;Thornburg KL;Osmond C;Kajantie E;Barker DJ. The prenatal origins of lung cancer. I. The fetus. Am J Hum Biol 2010; 22:508-511.  Gale CR;Marriott LD;Martyn CN;Limond J;Inskip HM;Godfrey KM;Law CM;Cooper C;West C;Robinson SM. Breastfeeding, the use of docosahexaenoic acid-fortified formulas in infancy and neuropsychological function in childhood. Arch Dis Child 2010; 95:174-179.  Godfrey KM;Gluckman PD;Hanson MA. Developmental origins of metabolic disease: life course and intergenerational perspectives. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2010; 21:199-205.  Harvey NC;Javaid MK;Arden NK;Poole JR;Crozier SR;Robinson SM;Inskip HM;Godfrey KM;Dennison EM;Cooper C. Maternal predictors of neonatal bone size and geometry: the Southampton Women's Survey. Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 2010; 1:35-41.  Kajantie E;Thornburg KL;Eriksson JG;Osmond C;Barker DJ. In preeclampsia, the placenta grows slowly along its minor axis. Int J Dev Biol 2010; 54:469-473.  Kajantie E;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Eriksson JG. Preterm birth--a risk factor for type 2 diabetes? The Helsinki birth cohort study. Diabetes Care 2010; 33:2623-2625.  Kajantie E;Raikkonen K;Henriksson M;Forsen T;Heinonen K;Pesonen AK;Leskinen JT;Laaksonen I;Paile-Hyvarinen M;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Eriksson JG. Childhood socioeconomic status modifies the association between intellectual abilities at age 20 and mortality in later life. J Epidemiol Community Health 2010; 64:963-969.  Kvaavik E;Batty GD;Ursin G;Huxley R;Gale CR. Influence of individual and combined health behaviors on total and cause-specific mortality in men and women: the United Kingdom health and lifestyle survey. Arch Intern Med 2010; 170:711-718.  Lahti J;Raikkonen K;Pesonen AK;Heinonen K;Kajantie E;Forsen T;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Eriksson JG. Prenatal growth, postnatal growth and trait anxiety in late adulthood - the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2010; 121:227-235.  Lahti M;Raikkonen K;Wahlbeck K;Heinonen K;Forsen T;Kajantie E;Pesonen AK;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Eriksson JG. Prenatal origins of hospitalization for personality disorders: The Helsinki Birth Cohort Study. Psychiatry Res 2010; 179:226-230.  Lewis RM;Greenwood SL;Cleal JK;Crozier SR;Verrall L;Inskip HM;Cameron IT;Cooper C;Sibley CP;Hanson MA;Godfrey KM. Maternal muscle mass may influence system A activity in human placenta. Placenta 2010; 31:418-422.  Mahon P;Harvey N;Crozier S;Inskip H;Robinson S;Arden N;Swaminathan R;Cooper C;Godfrey K. Low maternal vitamin D status and fetal bone development: cohort study. J Bone Miner Res 2010; 25:14-19.  Nettleton JA;McKeown NM;Kanoni S;Lemaitre RN;Hivert MF;Ngwa J et al. Interactions of dietary whole-grain intake with fasting glucose- and insulin-related genetic loci in individuals of European descent: a meta-analysis of 14 cohort studies. Diabetes Care 2010; 33:2684-2691.  Pesonen AK;Raikkonen K;Feldt K;Heinonen K;Osmond C;Phillips DI;Barker DJ;Eriksson JG;Kajantie E. Childhood separation experience predicts HPA axis hormonal responses in late adulthood: a natural experiment of World War II. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2010; 35:758-767.  Pike KC;Crozier SR;Lucas JS;Inskip HM;Robinson S;Roberts G;Godfrey KM. Patterns of fetal and infant growth are related to atopy and wheezing disorders at age 3 years. Thorax 2010; 65:1099-1106.  Raikkonen K;Matthews KA;Pesonen AK;Pyhala R;Paavonen EJ;Feldt K et al. Poor sleep and altered hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical and sympatho-adrenal-medullary system activity in children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95:2254-2261.  Raikkonen K;Seckl JR;Heinonen K;Pyhala R;Feldt K;Jones A et al. Maternal prenatal licorice consumption alters hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis function in children. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2010; 35:1587-1593.  Reynolds RM;Osmond C;Phillips DI;Godfrey KM. Maternal BMI, parity, and pregnancy weight gain: influences on offspring adiposity in young adulthood. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95:5365-5369.  Sadler C;Smith H;Hammond J;Bayly R;Borland S;Panay N;Crook D;Inskip H. Lifestyle factors, hormonal contraception, and premenstrual symptoms: the United Kingdom Southampton Women's Survey. J Womens Health (Larchmt ) 2010; 19:391-396.  Schlotz W;Jones A;Phillips DI;Gale CR;Robinson SM;Godfrey KM. Lower maternal folate status in early pregnancy is associated with childhood hyperactivity and peer problems in offspring. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2010; 51:594-602.  Whitley E;Batty GD;Gale CR;Deary IJ;Tynelius P;Rasmussen F. Intelligence in early adulthood and subsequent risk of assault: cohort study of 1,120,998 Swedish men. Psychosom Med 2010; 72:390-396.  Whitley E;Batty GD;Gale CR;Deary IJ;Tynelius P;Rasmussen F. Intelligence in early adulthood and subsequent risk of unintentional injury over two decades: cohort study of 1 109 475 Swedish men. J Epidemiol Community Health 2010; 64:419-425.  Widen E;Ripatti S;Cousminer DL;Surakka I;Lappalainen T;Jarvelin MR et al. Distinct variants at LIN28B influence growth in height from birth to adulthood. Am J Hum Genet 2010; 86:773-782. 2009  Alastalo H;Raikkonen K;Pesonen AK;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Kajantie E;Heinonen K;Forsen TJ;Eriksson JG. Cardiovascular health of Finnish war evacuees 60 years later. Ann Med 2009; 41:66-72.   Baird J;Cooper C;Margetts BM;Barker M;Inskip HM. Changing health behaviour of young women from disadvantaged backgrounds: evidence from systematic reviews. Proc Nutr Soc 2009; 68:195-204.  Baird J;Hill CM;Kendrick T;Inskip HM. Infant sleep disturbance is associated with preconceptional psychological distress: findings from the Southampton Women's Survey. Sleep 2009; 32:566-568.  Barker DJ;Osmond C;Kajantie E;Eriksson JG. Growth and chronic disease: findings in the Helsinki Birth Cohort. Ann Hum Biol 2009; 36:445-458.  Barker M;Lawrence W;Crozier S;Robinson S;Baird J;Margetts B;Cooper C. Educational attainment, perceived control and the quality of women's diets. Appetite 2009; 52:631-636.  Barker M;Swift JA. The application of psychological theory to nutrition behaviour change. Proc Nutr Soc 2009; 68:205-209.  Cole ZA;Gale CR;Javaid MK;Robinson SM;Law C;Boucher BJ;Crozier SR;Godfrey KM;Dennison EM;Cooper C. Maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and childhood bone mass: a longitudinal study. J Bone Miner Res 2009; 24:663-668.  Crozier SR;Robinson SM;Borland SE;Godfrey KM;Cooper C;Inskip HM. Do women change their health behaviours in pregnancy? Findings from the Southampton Women's Survey. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2009; 23:446-453.  Duggleby SL;Jackson AA;Godfrey KM;Robinson SM;Inskip HM. Cut-off points for anthropometric indices of adiposity: differential classification in a large population of young women. Br J Nutr 2009; 101:424-430.   Ebbing C;Rasmussen S;Godfrey KM;Hanson MA;Kiserud T. Fetal superior mesenteric artery: longitudinal reference ranges and evidence of regulatory link to portal liver circulation. Early Hum Dev 2009; 85:207-213.  Ebbing C;Rasmussen S;Godfrey KM;Hanson MA;Kiserud T. Redistribution pattern of fetal liver circulation in intrauterine growth restriction. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2009; 88:1118-1123.  Gale CR;Martyn CN;Marriott LD;Limond J;Crozier S;Inskip HM;Godfrey KM;Law CM;Cooper C;Robinson SM. Dietary patterns in infancy and cognitive and neuropsychological function in childhood. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2009; 50:816-823.  Hampson SE;Martin J;Jorgensen J;Barker M. A social marketing approach to improving the nutrition of low-income women and children: an initial focus group study. Public Health Nutr 2009; 12:1563-1568.  Harvey NC;Robinson SM;Crozier SR;Marriott LD;Gale CR;Cole ZA;Inskip HM;Godfrey KM;Cooper C. Breast-feeding and adherence to infant feeding guidelines do not influence bone mass at age 4 years. Br J Nutr 2009; 102:915-920.  Inskip HM;Crozier SR;Godfrey KM;Borland SE;Cooper C;Robinson SM. Women's compliance with nutrition and lifestyle recommendations before pregnancy: general population cohort study. British Medical Journal 2009; 338:b481-.   Kajantie E;Eriksson JG;Osmond C;Thornburg K;Barker DJ. Pre-eclampsia is associated with increased risk of stroke in the adult offspring: the Helsinki birth cohort study. Stroke 2009; 40:1176-1180.  Kessler J;Rasmussen S;Godfrey K;Hanson M;Kiserud T. Fetal growth restriction is associated with prioritization of umbilical blood flow to the left hepatic lobe at the expense of the right lobe. Pediatr Res 2009; 66:113-117.  Lawrence W;Barker M. A review of factors affecting the food choices of disadvantaged women. Proc Nutr Soc 2009; 68:189-194.  Lawrence W;Skinner TC;Haslam C;Robinson S;Inskip H;Barker D;Cooper C;Jackson A;Barker M. Why women of lower educational attainment struggle to make healthier food choices: the importance of psychological and social factors. Psychology and Health 2009; 24(9):1003-1020.  Marriott LD;Inskip HM;Borland SE;Godfrey KM;Law CM;Robinson SM. What do babies eat? Evaluation of a food frequency questionnaire to assess the diets of infants aged 12 months. Public Health Nutr 2009; 12:967-972.  McMinn AM;van Sluijs EM;Harvey NC;Cooper C;Inskip HM;Godfrey KM;Griffin SJ. Validation of a maternal questionnaire on correlates of physical activity in preschool children. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2009; 6:81-.  O'Tierney PF;Barker DJ;Osmond C;Kajantie E;Eriksson JG. Duration of breast-feeding and adiposity in adult life. J Nutr 2009; 139:422S-425S.   Owen CG;Whincup PH;Orfei L;Chou QA;Rudnicka AR;Wathern AK;Kaye SJ;Eriksson JG;Osmond C;Cook DG. Is body mass index before middle age related to coronary heart disease risk in later life? Evidence from observational studies. Int J Obes (Lond) 2009; 33:866-877.  Paile-Hyvarinen M;Raikkonen K;Kajantie E;Darby D;Yliharsila H;Salonen MK;Osmond C;Eriksson JG. Impact of glucose metabolism and birth size on cognitive performance in elderly subjects. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2009; 83:379-386.   Pulizzi N;Lyssenko V;Jonsson A;Osmond C;Laakso M;Kajantie E;Barker DJ;Groop LC;Eriksson JG. Interaction between prenatal growth and high-risk genotypes in the development of type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2009; 52:825-829.  Raikkonen K;Forsen T;Henriksson M;Kajantie E;Heinonen K;Pesonen AK;Leskinen JT;Laaksonen I;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Eriksson JG. Growth trajectories and intellectual abilities in young adulthood: The Helsinki Birth Cohort study. Am J Epidemiol 2009; 170:447-455.  Robinson SM;Marriott LD;Crozier SR;Harvey NC;Gale CR;Inskip HM;Baird J;Law CM;Godfrey KM;Cooper C. Variations in infant feeding practice are associated with body composition in childhood: a prospective cohort study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94:2799-2805.  Salonen MK;Kajantie E;Osmond C;Forsen T;Yliharsila H;Paile-Hyvarinen M;Barker DJ;Eriksson JG. Role of childhood growth on the risk of metabolic syndrome in obese men and women. Diabetes Metab 2009; 35:94-100.  Salonen MK;Kajantie E;Osmond C;Forsen T;Yliharsila H;Paile-Hyvarinen M;Barker DJ;Eriksson JG. Childhood growth and future risk of the metabolic syndrome in normal-weight men and women. Diabetes Metab 2009; 35:143-150.  Salonen MK;Kajantie E;Osmond C;Forsen T;Yliharsila H;Paile-Hyvarinen M;Barker DJ;Eriksson JG. Role of socioeconomic indicators on development of obesity from a life course perspective. J Environ Public Health 2009; 2009:625168-. 2008  Baird J;Poole J;Robinson S;Marriott L;Godfrey K;Cooper C;Inskip H;Law C. Milk feeding and dietary patterns predict weight and fat gains in infancy. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2008; 22:575-586.  Barker DJ;Osmond C;Thornburg KL;Kajantie E;Forsen TJ;Eriksson JG. A possible link between the pubertal growth of girls and breast cancer in their daughters. Am J Hum Biol 2008; 20:127-131.   Barker DJ;Osmond C;Thornburg KL;Kajantie E;Eriksson JG. A possible link between the pubertal growth of girls and ovarian cancer in their daughters. Am J Hum Biol 2008; 20:659-662.   Barker M;Lawrence WT;Skinner TC;Haslam CO;Robinson SM;Inskip HM;Margetts BM;Jackson AA;Barker DJ;Cooper C. Constraints on food choices of women in the UK with lower educational attainment. Public Health Nutr 2008; 11:1229-1237.  Barker M;Lawrence W;Woadden J;Crozier SR;Skinner TC. Women of lower educational attainment have lower food involvement and eat less fruit and vegetables. Appetite 2008; 50:464-468.  Borland SE;Robinson SM;Crozier SR;Inskip HM. Stability of dietary patterns in young women over a 2-year period. Eur J Clin Nutr 2008; 62:119-126.   Crozier SR;Inskip HM;Godfrey KM;Robinson SM. Dietary patterns in pregnant women: a comparison of food-frequency questionnaires and 4 d prospective diaries. Br J Nutr 2008; 99:869-875.   Dunn N;Inskip H;Kendrick A;Oestmann A;Barnett J;Godfrey K;Cooper C. Does perceived financial strain predict depression among young women? Longitudinal findings from the Southampton Women's Survey.. Mental Health in Family Medicine 2008; 5:15-21.  Ebbing C;Rasmussen S;Godfrey KM;Hanson MA;Kiserud T. Hepatic artery hemodynamics suggest operation of a buffer response in the human fetus. Reprod Sci 2008; 15:166-178.   Feldt K;Raikkonen K;Eriksson JG;Andersson S;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Phillips DI;Kajantie E. Childhood growth and cardiovascular reactivity to psychological stressors in late adulthood. J Intern Med 2008; 264:72-82.  Gale CR;Robinson SM;Godfrey KM;Law CM;Schlotz W;O'Callaghan FJ. Oily fish intake during pregnancy--association with lower hyperactivity but not with higher full-scale IQ in offspring. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2008; 49:1061-1068.  Gale CR;Robinson SM;Harvey NC;Javaid MK;Jiang B;Martyn CN;Godfrey KM;Cooper C. Maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy and child outcomes. Eur J Clin Nutr 2008; 62:68-77.   Hanson MA;Godfrey KM. Commentary: Maternal constraint is a pre-eminent regulator of fetal growth. International Journal of Epidemiology 2008; 37:252-254.  Harvey NC;Javaid MK;Poole JR;Taylor P;Robinson SM;Inskip HM;Godfrey KM;Cooper C;Dennison EM. Paternal skeletal size predicts intrauterine bone mineral accrual. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008; 93:1676-1681.  Inskip HM;Dunn N;Godfrey KM;Cooper C;Kendrick T. Is birth weight associated with risk of depressive symptoms in young women? Evidence from the Southampton Women's Survey. American Journal of Epidemiology 2008; 167:164-168.   Johnsen SL;Wilsgaard T;Rasmussen S;Hanson MA;Godfrey KM;Kiserud T. Fetal size in the second trimester is associated with the duration of pregnancy, small fetuses having longer pregnancies. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2008; 8:25-.  Jones A;Beda A;Osmond C;Godfrey KM;Simpson DM;Phillips DI. Sex-specific programming of cardiovascular physiology in children. Eur Heart J 2008; 29:2164-2170.  Kajantie E;Barker DJ;Osmond C;Forsen T;Eriksson JG. Growth before 2 years of age and serum lipids 60 years later: the Helsinki Birth Cohort study. International Journal of Epidemiology 2008; 37:280-289.  Kendrick T;Dunn N;Robinson S;Oestmann A;Godfrey K;Cooper C;Inskip H. A longitudinal study of blood folate levels and depressive symptoms among young women in the Southampton Women's Survey. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2008; 62:966-972.  Kessler J;Rasmussen S;Godfrey K;Hanson M;Kiserud T. Longitudinal study of umbilical and portal venous blood flow to the fetal liver: low pregnancy weight gain is associated with preferential supply to the fetal left liver lobe. Pediatr Res 2008; 63:315-320.  Lahti J;Raikkonen K;Heinonen K;Pesonen AK;Kajantie E;Forsen T;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Eriksson JG. Body size at birth and socio-economic status in childhood: implications for Cloninger's psychobiological model of temperament at age 60. Psychiatry Res 2008; 160:167-174.  Marriott L;Robinson S;Poole J;Borland S;Godfrey K;Law C;Inskip H. What do babies eat? Evaluation of a food frequency questionnaire to assess the diets of infants aged 6 months. Public Health Nutr 2008; 11:751-756.  Moinuddin MM;Jameson KA;Syddall HE;Sayer AA;Martin HJ;Robinson S;Cooper C;Dennison EM. Cigarette smoking, birthweight and osteoporosis in adulthood: results from the hertfordshire cohort study. Open Rheumatol J 2008; 2:33-37.  Painter RC;Osmond C;Gluckman P;Hanson M;Phillips DI;Roseboom TJ. Transgenerational effects of prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine on neonatal adiposity and health in later life. BJOG 2008; 115:1243-1249.  Painter RC;Westendorp RG;de R;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Roseboom TJ. Increased reproductive success of women after prenatal undernutrition. Hum Reprod 2008; 23:2591-2595.  Pike KC;Hanson MA;Godfrey KM. Developmental mismatch: consequences for later cardiorespiratory health. BJOG 2008; 115:149-157.   Raikkonen K;Pesonen AK;Heinonen K;Lahti J;Kajantie E;Forsen T;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Eriksson JG. Infant growth and hostility in adult life. Psychosom Med 2008; 70:306-313.  Robinson SM;Jameson KA;Batelaan SF;Martin HJ;Syddall HE;Dennison EM;Cooper C;Sayer AA. Diet and its relationship with grip strength in community-dwelling older men and women: the Hertfordshire cohort study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2008; 56:84-90.   Robinson SM;Godfrey KM. Feeding practices in pregnancy and infancy: relationship with the development of overweight and obesity in childhood. Int J Obes (Lond) 2008; 32 Suppl 6:S4-10.  Schlotz W;Jones A;Godfrey KM;Phillips DI. Effortful control mediates associations of fetal growth with hyperactivity and behavioural problems in 7- to 9-year-old children. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2008; 49:1228-1236.  Sellayah D;Sek K;Anthony FW;Watkins AJ;Osmond C;Fleming TP;Hanson MA;Cagampang FR. Appetite regulatory mechanisms and food intake in mice are sensitive to mismatch in diets between pregnancy and postnatal periods. Brain Res 2008; 1237:146-152.  Watkins AJ;Ursell E;Panton R;Papenbrock T;Hollis L;Cunningham C et al. Adaptive responses by mouse early embryos to maternal diet protect fetal growth but predispose to adult onset disease. Biol Reprod 2008; 78:299-306.   Watkins AJ;Wilkins A;Cunningham C;Perry VH;Seet MJ;Osmond C;Eckert JJ;Torrens C;Cagampang FR;Cleal J;Gray WP;Hanson MA;Fleming TP. Low protein diet fed exclusively during mouse oocyte maturation leads to behavioural and cardiovascular abnormalities in offspring. J Physiol 2008; 586:2231-2244.  Whincup PH;Kaye SJ;Owen CG;Huxley R;Cook DG;Anazawa S et al. Birth weight and risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. Journal of the American Medical Association 2008; 300:2886-2897.  Yliharsila H;Kajantie E;Osmond C;Forsen T;Barker DJ;Eriksson JG. Body mass index during childhood and adult body composition in men and women aged 56-70 y. Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 87:1769-1775. 2007  Abdollahi MR;Lewis RM;Gaunt TR;Cumming DV;Rodriguez S;Rose-Zerilli M;Collins AR;Syddall HE;Howell WM;Cooper C;Godfrey KM;Cameron IT;Day IN. Quantitated transcript haplotypes (QTH) of AGTR1, reduced abundance of mRNA haplotypes containing 1166C (rs5186:A>C), and relevance to metabolic syndrome traits. Hum Mutat 2007; 28:365-373.  Barker DJ;Osmond C;Forsen TJ;Kajantie E;Eriksson JG. Maternal and social origins of hypertension. Hypertension 2007; 50:565-571.   Cleal JK;Brownbill P;Godfrey KM;Jackson JM;Jackson AA;Sibley CP;Hanson MA;Lewis RM. Modification of fetal plasma amino acid composition by placental amino acid exchangers in vitro. J Physiol 2007; 582:871-882.   Eriksson JG;Forsen TJ;Kajantie E;Osmond C;Barker DJ. Childhood growth and hypertension in later life. Hypertension 2007; 49:1415-1421.   Feldt K;Raikkonen K;Eriksson JG;Andersson S;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Phillips DI;Kajantie E. Cardiovascular reactivity to psychological stressors in late adulthood is predicted by gestational age at birth. J Hum Hypertens 2007; 21:401-410.  Fitzsimmons D;Osmond C;George S;Johnson CD. Trends in stomach and pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality in England and Wales, 1951-2000. Br J Surg 2007; 94:1162-1171.   Gale CR;Javaid MK;Robinson SM;Law CM;Godfrey KM;Cooper C. Maternal size in pregnancy and body composition in children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92:3904-3911.   Godfrey KM;Lillycrop KA;Burdge GC;Gluckman PD;Hanson MA. Epigenetic mechanisms and the mismatch concept of the developmental origins of health and disease. Pediatr Res 2007; 61:5R-10R.   Harvey NC;Poole JR;Javaid MK;Dennison EM;Robinson S;Inskip HM;Godfrey KM;Cooper C;Sayer AA. Parental determinants of neonatal body composition. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92:523-526.  Inskip HM;Godfrey KM;Martin HJ;Simmonds SJ;Cooper C;Aihie Sayer A. Size at birth and its relation to muscle strength in young adult women. J Intern Med 2007; 262:368-374.   Jones A;Beda A;Ward AM;Osmond C;Phillips DI;Moore VM;Simpson DM. Size at birth and autonomic function during psychological stress. Hypertension 2007; 49:548-555.  Kajantie E;Feldt K;Raikkonen K;Phillips DI;Osmond C;Heinonen K;Pesonen AK;Andersson S;Barker DJ;Eriksson JG. Body size at birth predicts hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to psychosocial stress at age 60 to 70 years. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92:4094-4100.   Lewis RM;Glazier J;Greenwood SL;Bennett EJ;Godfrey KM;Jackson AA;Sibley CP;Cameron IT;Hanson MA. L-serine uptake by human placental microvillous membrane vesicles. Placenta 2007; 28:445-452.   Lucas P;Law C;Baird J;Roberts H. The views of professionals toward infant growth. Arch Dis Child 2007; 92:655-.   Lucas P;Arai L;Baird J;Kleijnen J;Law C;Roberts H. A systematic review of lay views about infant size and growth. Arch Dis Child 2007; 92:120-127.   Lucas PJ;Baird J;Arai L;Law C;Roberts HM. Worked examples of alternative methods for the synthesis of qualitative and quantitative research in systematic reviews. BMC Med Res Methodol 2007; 7:4-.  Lucas PJ;Roberts HM;Baird J;Kleijnen J;Law CM. The importance of size and growth in infancy: integrated findings from systematic reviews of scientific evidence and lay perspectives. Child Care Health Dev 2007; 33:635-640.   Martin R;Harvey NC;Crozier SR;Poole JR;Javaid MK;Dennison EM;Inskip HM;Hanson M;Godfrey KM;Cooper C;Lewis R. Placental calcium transporter (PMCA3) gene expression predicts intrauterine bone mineral accrual. Bone 2007; 40:1203-1208.  Osmond C;Kajantie E;Forsen TJ;Eriksson JG;Barker DJ. Infant growth and stroke in adult life: the Helsinki birth cohort study. Stroke 2007; 38:264-270.  Paile-Hyvarinen M;Raikkonen K;Forsen T;Kajantie E;Yliharsila H;Salonen MK;Osmond C;Eriksson JG. Depression and its association with diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and birth weight. Ann Med 2007; :1-7.   Painter RC;de Rooij SR;Bossuyt PM;de Groot E;Stok WJ;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Bleker OP;Roseboom TJ. Maternal nutrition during gestation and carotid arterial compliance in the adult offspring: the Dutch famine birth cohort. J Hypertens 2007; 25:533-540.  Painter RC;de R;Hutten BA;Bossuyt PM;de GE;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Bleker OP;Roseboom TJ. Reduced intima media thickness in adults after prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine. Atherosclerosis 2007; 193:421-427.   Raikkonen K;Pesonen AK;Kajantie E;Heinonen K;Forsen T;Phillips DI;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Eriksson JG. Length of gestation and depressive symptoms at age 60 years. Br J Psychiatry 2007; 190:469-474.   Reynolds RM;Godfrey KM;Barker M;Osmond C;Phillips DI. Stress responsiveness in adult life: influence of mother's diet in late pregnancy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92:2208-2210.   Robinson S;Marriott L;Poole J;Crozier S;Borland S;Lawrence W;Law C;Godfrey K;Cooper C;Inskip H. Dietary patterns in infancy: the importance of maternal and family influences on feeding practice. Br J Nutr 2007; 98:1029-1037.   Robinson S. Metabolic programming during pregnancy: epidemiological studies in humans.. Genes Nutrition 2007; 2:31-32.  Schlotz W;Jones A;Phillips NM;Godfrey KM;Phillips DI. Size at birth and motor activity during stress in children aged 7 to 9 years. Pediatrics 2007; 120:e1237-e1244.   Yliharsila H;Kajantie E;Osmond C;Forsen T;Barker DJ;Eriksson JG. Birth size, adult body composition and muscle strength in later life. Int J Obes (Lond) 2007; 31:1392-1399.  2006  Crozier SR;Robinson SM;Borland SE;Inskip HM. Dietary patterns in the Southampton Women's Survey. Eur J Clin Nutr 2006; 60:1391-1399.  de Rooij SR;Painter RC;Roseboom TJ;Phillips DI;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Tanck MW;Michels RP;Bossuyt PM;Bleker OP. Glucose tolerance at age 58 and the decline of glucose tolerance in comparison with age 50 in people prenatally exposed to the Dutch famine. Diabetologia 2006; 49:637-643.  de Rooij SR;Painter RC;Phillips DI;Osmond C;Tanck MW;Defesche JC;Bossuyt PM;Michels RP;Bleker OP;Roseboom TJ. The Effects of the Pro12Ala Polymorphism of the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-{gamma}2 Gene on Glucose/Insulin Metabolism Interact With Prenatal Exposure to Famine. Diabetes Care 2006; 29:1052-1057.  de Rooij SR;Painter RC;Phillips DI;Osmond C;Michels RP;Godsland IF;Bossuyt PM;Bleker OP;Roseboom TJ. Impaired insulin secretion after prenatal exposure to the dutch famine. Diabetes Care 2006; 29:1897-1901.  de Rooij SR;Painter RC;Phillips DI;Osmond C;Michels RP;Bossuyt PM;Bleker OP;Roseboom TJ. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in adults who were prenatally exposed to the Dutch famine. Eur J Endocrinol 2006; 155:153-160.  de Rooij SR;Painter RC;Phillips DI;Osmond C;Tanck MW;Bossuyt PM;Roseboom TJ. Cortisol responses to psychological stress in adults after prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2006; 31:1257-1265.  Eriksson JG;Osmond C;Kajantie E;Forsen TJ;Barker DJ. Patterns of growth among children who later develop type 2 diabetes or its risk factors. Diabetologia 2006; 49:2853-2858.  Fisher D;Baird J;Payne L;Lucas P;Kleijnen J;Roberts H;Law C. Are infant size and growth related to burden of disease in adulthood? A systematic review of literature. International Journal of Epidemiology 2006; 35:1196-1210.  Gale CR;Jiang B;Robinson SM;Godfrey KM;Law CM;Martyn CN. Maternal diet during pregnancy and carotid intima-media thickness in children. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2006; 26:1877-1882.  Graham H;Francis B;Inskip HM;Harman J. Socioeconomic lifecourse influences on women's smoking status in early adulthood. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2006; 60:228-233.  Graham H;Inskip HM;Francis B;Harman J. Pathways of disadvantage and smoking careers: evidence and policy implications. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2006; 60 Suppl 2:7-12.   Harman J;Graham H;Francis B;Inskip HM. Socioeconomic gradients in smoking among young women: A British survey. Soc Sci Med 2006; 63:2791-2800.  Inskip HM;Godfrey KM;Robinson SM;Law CM;Barker DJ;Cooper C. Cohort profile: The Southampton Women's Survey. International Journal of Epidemiology 2006; 35:42-48.  Javaid MK;Crozier SR;Harvey NC;Gale CR;Dennison EM;Boucher BJ;Arden NK;Godfrey KM;Cooper C. Maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy and childhood bone mass at age 9 years: a longitudinal study. Lancet 2006; 367:36-43.  Jiang B;Godfrey KM;Martyn CN;Gale CR. Birth weight and cardiac structure in children. Pediatrics 2006; 117:e257-e261.  Jones A;Godfrey KM;Wood P;Osmond C;Goulden P;Phillips DI. Fetal growth and the adrenocortical response to psychological stress. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91:1868-1871.  Kajantie E;Phillips DI;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Forsen T;Eriksson JG. Spontaneous hypothyroidism in adult women is predicted by small body size at birth and during childhood. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91:4953-4956.  Leary S;Fall C;Osmond C;Lovel H;Campbell D;Eriksson J et al. Geographical variation in neonatal phenotype. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2006; 85:1080-1089.  Leary S;Fall C;Osmond C;Lovel H;Campbell D;Eriksson J et al. Geographical variation in relationships between parental body size and offspring phenotype at birth. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2006; 85:1066-1079.  Painter RC;de Rooij SR;Bossuyt PM;Simmers TA;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Bleker OP;Roseboom TJ. Early onset of coronary artery disease after prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine. Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 84:322-327.  Painter RC;de Rooij SR;Bossuyt PM;Phillips DI;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Bleker OP;Roseboom TJ. Blood pressure response to psychological stressors in adults after prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine. J Hypertens 2006; 24:1771-1778.  Painter RC;de Rooij SR;Bossuyt PM;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Bleker OP;Roseboom TJ. A possible link between prenatal exposure to famine and breast cancer: a preliminary study. Am J Hum Biol 2006; 18:853-856. 2005  Baird J;Fisher D;Lucas P;Kleijnen J;Roberts H;Law C. Being big or growing fast: systematic review of size and growth in infancy and later obesity. British Medical Journal 2005; 331:929-.  Barker DJ;Eriksson JG;Forsen T;Osmond C. Infant growth and income 50 years later. Arch Dis Child 2005; 90:272-273.   Barker DJ;Osmond C;Forsen TJ;Kajantie E;Eriksson JG. Trajectories of growth among children who have coronary events as adults. N Engl J Med 2005; 353:1802-1809.  Goverdhan SV;Howell MW;Mullins RF;Osmond C;Hodgkins PR;Self J;Avery K;Lotery AJ. Association of HLA Class I and Class II Polymorphisms with Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005; 46:1726-1734.  Haugen G;Hanson M;Kiserud T;Crozier S;Inskip H;Godfrey KM. Fetal liver-sparing cardiovascular adaptations linked to mother's slimness and diet. Circ Res 2005; 96:12-14.  Javaid MK;Godfrey KM;Taylor P;Robinson SM;Crozier SR;Dennison EM;Robinson JS;Breier BR;Arden NK;Cooper C. Umbilical Cord Leptin Predicts Neonatal Bone Mass. Calcif Tissue Int 2005; 76:341-347.  Javaid MK;Crozier SR;Harvey NC;Taylor P;Inskip HM;Godfrey KM;Cooper C. Maternal and seasonal predictors of change in calcaneal quantitative ultrasound during pregnancy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90:5182-5187.  Kajantie E;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Forsen T;Phillips DI;Eriksson JG. Size at birth as a predictor of mortality in adulthood: a follow-up of 350 000 person-years. International Journal of Epidemiology 2005; 34:655-663.  Lewis RM;Godfrey KM;Jackson AA;Cameron IT;Hanson MA. Low serine hydroxymethyltransferase activity in the human placenta has important implications for fetal glycine supply. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90:1594-1598.   Mahon PA;Godfrey KM;Crozier SR;Petley GW;Inskip HM;Cooper C. Ultrasound assessment of fetal musculo-skeletal development. BJOG: an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology 2005; 112:1446-1453.  Mahon PA;Crozier S;Inskip H;Godfrey K. Maternal influences on fetal body composition in late pregnancy assessed by 3D ultrasound.. International Journal of Body Composition Research 2005; 3 (3):80-.  Painter RC;Roseboom TJ;van Montfrans GA;Bossuyt PM;Krediet RT;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Bleker OP. Microalbuminuria in adults after prenatal exposure to the dutch famine. J Am Soc Nephrol 2005; 16:189-194.  Painter RC;Roseboom TJ;Bossuyt PM;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Bleker OP. Adult mortality at age 57 after prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine. Eur J Epidemiol 2005; 20:673-676.  Syddall HE;Sayer AA;Simmonds SJ;Osmond C;Cox V;Dennison EM;Barker DJ;Cooper C. Birth Weight, Infant Weight Gain, and Cause-specific Mortality: The Hertfordshire Cohort Study. Am J Epidemiol 2005; 161:1074-1080. 2004  Bateson P;Barker D;Clutton-Brock T;Deb D;D'Udine B;Foley RA et al. Developmental plasticity and human health. Nature 2004; 430:419-421.  Eriksson JG;Yliharsila H;Forsen T;Osmond C;Barker DJ. Exercise protects against glucose intolerance in individuals with a small body size at birth. Prev Med 2004; 39:164-167.  Forsen T;Osmond C;Eriksson JG;Barker DJ. Growth of girls who later develop coronary heart disease. Heart 2004; 90:20-24.  Haugen G;Kiserud T;Godfrey K;Crozier S;Hanson M. Portal and umbilical venous blood supply to the liver in the human fetus near term. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2004; 24:599-605.  Haugen G;Godfrey K;Crozier S;Hanson M. Doppler blood flow velocity waveforms in the fetal renal arteries: variability at proximal and distal sites in the right and left arteries. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2004; 23:590-593.  Javaid MK;Godfrey KM;Taylor P;Shore SR;Breier B;Arden NK;Cooper C. Umbilical venous IGF-1 concentration, neonatal bone mass, and body composition. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 2004; 19:56-63.  Kajantie E;Eriksson J;Osmond C;Wood PJ;Forsen T;Barker DJ;Phillips DI. Size at birth, the metabolic syndrome and 24-h salivary cortisol profile. Clinical Endocrinology 2004; 60:201-207.  Kajantie E;Rautanen A;Kere J;Andersson S;Yliharsila H;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Forsen T;Eriksson J. The effects of the ACE gene insertion/deletion polymorphism on glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in elderly people are modified by birth weight. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89:5738-5741.  Kubaszek A;Markkanen A;Eriksson JG;Forsen T;Osmond C;Barker DJ;Laakso M. The association of the K121Q polymorphism of the plasma cell glycoprotein-1 gene with type 2 diabetes and hypertension depends on size at birth. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89:2044-2047.  Lucas JS;Inskip HM;Godfrey KM;Foreman CT;Warner JO;Gregson RK;Clough JB. Small size at birth and greater postnatal weight gain: relationships to diminished infant lung function. American Review of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2004; 170:534-540.  Robinson SM;Crozier SR;Hammond J;Barker DJ;Inskip HM. Impact of educational attainment on the quality of young women's diets. Eur J Clin Nutr 2004; 58:1174-1180.  Yliharsila H;Eriksson JG;Forsen T;Laakso M;Uusitupa M;Osmond C;Barker DJ. Interactions between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma 2 gene polymorphisms and size at birth on blood pressure and the use of antihypertensive medication. Journal of Hypertension 2004; 22:1283-1287. 2003  Eriksson J;Forsen T;Osmond C;Barker D. Obesity from cradle to grave. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2003; 27:722-727.